The Global and Digital Reality in Schools and Kindergarten

1. Bergen kommune Solstrand seminar 11. og 12. mars 2008 The Global and Digital Reality in Schools and Kindergarten Professor Kjell A EliassenCenter for European and Asian StudiesNorwegian School of Management

2. Information Society - Characteristics - The New Economy: - Global - Favours intangible things (ideas, information, relationships) - Intensely interlinked network economies - Mediating technologies - the more plentiful things become, the more valuable they are

3. Information Society II - Characteristics - The Actors - Customers/Subscribers - IT-related industries (hardware, software) - Telecom industry - Other network providers (electricity, cable, satellite) - Other network industries (bank, insurance) - Content providers (publishers, media, entertainment industry)

4. Information Society III - Characteristics - Possible Consequences - Many new jobs - New and growing markets - New strategies for firms and governments (eCommerce, eBusiness, eGovernment) - Increased life-quality (more convenience, better services, better access) - Increased jobs-quality (convenience, increased job flexibility, hi-tech work environments) - Improved education - Possible digital divide (within and across countries)

5. The New Economy eCommerce is the exchange of value electronically, within the context of the rapidly emerging eEconomy. eEconomy … the broad business environment in which global commerce is conducted eEconomy eCommerce eCommerce … the conduct of business among eEnterprises and consumers eEnterprise eEnterprise … a business enterprise with the capability to exchange value (money, goods, services and information) electronically Source: Accenture

6. The New Economy • Information is less expensive (often free) and easier to access. Consumers expect inexpensive or free services • Consumers have access to more information in a global market, are more selective when finding information (click increasingly rarely on ads and banners), and are more price sensitive • Marginal costs of production are minuscule compared to development costs

7. The New Economy • Network owners can get a key position as it is difficult to generate revenues from content • e-Trade is growing rapidly • There are large investments in ICTs • Increasing number of consumers have mobile access to Internet (WAP, UMTS) • Financial transaction can be done anywhere, at any time (e.g. trading stocks)

8. The New Economy • The number of mobile subscribers is growing more rapidly than Internet subscribers

9. The receptivity of users is high eCommerce MediumTelephoneRadioTVCable Mobile phoneInternet Years25381310 125 Timeframe1920-19451922-19601951-19641976-1986 1985-19971993-1998 eGovernment The New Economy Take-up of the Internet has has been particularly fast The trend line Volume Time Source: Accenture

10. Electronic Industrial The New Economy Agrarian 100% 90% 80% Percentage of Economy 70% Electronic 60% 50% 40% Industrial 30% 20% 10% Agrarian 0% 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1984 1992 1997 2001 2005 Source: Marvin Zonis & Associates Source: Accenture

11. eEconomy eGovernment Government Organisation What is eGovernment? A definition: Public services delivered electronically through a network, either locally or over the Internet

12. What is eGovernment? Basic distinctions: G2B - Government to businesse.g. e-procurement, provision of licenses and permits G2C - Government to citizene.g. filing taxes, renewing drivers licenses G2G - Government to Governmente.g. information exchange, organization, intranet, cooperation among departments, billing

13. Customer-focused Government Steps: • Concentrate servicesIn one front office/portal - one-stop-shopping • Integrate servicesstandardized information, one blanket for many public services • Redefinition of servicesadapt legislation and organization, reassign responsibilities and competencies etc. Source: OL2000 (www.ol2000.nl)

14. e Government and Reengineering Before Partial After Department C Back-office C Function C Government Government Government Department B Back-office B Citizens and Businesses Citizens and Businesses Citizens and Businesses Front-office Function B Front-office Function A Department A Back-office A Source: PRISMA Source: PRISMA 2001

15. Internet Service Maturity High Advanced Internet Presence Integrate Basic Internet Presence Level of eCommerce/ eGovernment Sophistication Transact Publish Interact Low High Low Benefits Source: Accenture

16. Internet Maturity: Service Publish • Information is made available through the internet • No interaction with users • Users simply navigate through the website to find the information they require. Interact • Introduces two-way communication between users and the application. • Users can perhaps set up an account and the application maintains context information for each user to provide a customized view of the website. • This level will also typically include the use of more sophisticated web pages which are dynamically created. Source: Accenture

17. Internet Maturity: Service Transact • Not only do users interact with the application, but they can carry out “transactions” which achieve a specific goal. • Non-financial transactions are included (e.g. submitting a tax return) as well as financial transactions (e.g. paying tax or receiving a refund). • Solution needs to be sophisticated and stable enough to guarantee security, reliability and data integrity with a high degree of confidence. Integrate • The website and its associated services are no longer simply an extension of the organization • The medium becomes intrinsic to the way of doing business. • Organizations may re-structure themselves around the new “virtual” organisation. Source: Accenture

18. Internet Maturity: Delivery • CRMDoes Government remember me? • Single point of access • Citizen focusIs a Service built for citizens’ needs? • Reaching out Does a portal/service provide help automatically? • Adding value Are public services bundled with private sector services for additional value Source: Accenture 2001

19. Government Business Citizens Why eGoverment? • Licensing • Permits • Tax returns • Govt procurement • Tourism promotion • Medical claims • Permits • Tax returns • Registration • Directory services • Public information/records • Benefits management • Budget process • Grants administration • Education support • Procurement management • Financial management • HR management Source: Accenture

20. Why eGovernment? • A tool for improving municipal/school cervices • Necessitates improved administrative solutions • Empowers citizens/parents and increases participation Additionally... Is popular with both citizens and politicians because it is new and politically uncontroversial

21. TAX COMPLAINTS FORMS EXIT DEPT. B DEPARTMENT A Why eGoverment? The Disconnected Government Source: Accenture

22. Challenges to Cities and Schools • Increased citizen/parents focus • Functional and convenient first-line services • Increased service for citizens and parents • Increased citizen/parents participation • More efficient administration

23. How can eGovernment Contribute to Cities and Schools? • Availability - 24x7x365, everywhere, no lines • Price - Inexpensive and improved services • Popularity - More participation, less irritation • Philosophy - Citizen/parents focused public services • Technology - New opportunities for all, regardless of place

24. A Tool for Improving Municipal Services • 24x7x365 accessibility • Involves citizens in production of services • Ordering, filling in blankets, checking bills • Leverages technology that citizens already have • Internet, mobile, cabel TV • Leverages technology that municipals already have

25. Necessitates Improved Administrative Solutions • Administrative systems must be compatible • ”Back-office” activities most be streamlined and improved • Employees are freed to concentrate on front-line services Additionally... Employees’ job-satisfaction increases as tasks become more interesting

26. Empowers Citizens and increases Participation • Direct participation in production of services • Not just ”polls” • User panels can continuously improve services • Political administration can interact directly with citizens • Municipal/parliament meetings on local television or Internet • Regular Internet meetings with politicians • Bills and decisions can be accessed immediately by citizens

27. What are the Gains? • Effectiveness • Time • Money • For municipals • For citizens • Quality • Accessibility • Individual tailoring • Already establishedservices • New services • Political gains • Decentralization • Participation • Proximity • Legitimity and ownership

28. Banking $1.07 Travel $10 1¢ $2 Trading $150 $6 What are the Gains? The value that can be created through its deployment is real, measurable and compelling. eProcurement Projected to save State of California 15% on its annual US$2bn purchases of goods & services, 75% of its orders costs. Source: Accenture

29. eNorway • Builds largely on eEurope principles and policy • The Norwegian eStrategy and degree of implementation has resulted in a number four ranking globally on e-maturity • eNorway is a step in the Government’s plan for renewal of the public sector

30. Internet is increasinglyaccessible • More than 90 of Norwegian companies have Internet Access • Mobile penetration in Norway is 90% • Norway is ranked as number 4 of 55 countries on use of ICTs • UMTS and broadband will be developed in the entirecountry Source: NHD, 2000

31. Why is eGovernment Possible in Cities and Schools? • Citizens/parents/teachers are willing to participate • Politicians are interested • Internet is increasingly accessible • Significant investment in ICTs • Systems and programs for eGovernment is increasingly available

32. New Resource Allocation The current allocation model Self-serviceoffers Partial self-serviceoffers Intensive services Citizens Resources Accenture

33. New Resource Allocation eGovernment model Self-serviceoffers Partly self-service Partial self-service Intensive services Customers Resources Accenture

34. Result • Resources are re-allocated to other services • Less resourceful citizens requiring intensive services receive more attention • Public employees can allocate more time to core activities • etc...

35. Mobile vs.fixed line • Mobile networks are less expensive. Much of the world today has inadequately developed fixed line networks. The development of mobile networks makes it easier for such countries to take part in the new economy and reap the benefits of Internet and ICTs. • The possibility for pre paid services and customer identification is an additional advantage in countries where bank- and payment services are underdeveloped. • Some of the advantages for less developed countries are directly applicable to European districts

36. ’e’ vs. ’m’ • Differences between e-trade and m-trade: • While e-trade creates value by connecting firms and customers across wide distances (globally), the greatest potential of m-trade lies in proximity to users. • The mobile industry develops location-based services like finding restaurants, purchasing/ordering of tickets, announce shops as customers pass nearby, and terminals that work as ID and credit cards • The mobile is significantly simpler and less expensive than a PC, there are twice as many mobile subscribers as Internet subscribers, and people carry their phones with them everywhere

37. Politicians are increasingly interested • Increasing numbers of municipalities invest in e-strategies • Most countries have ambitious eGovernment plans and initiatives USA, Great Britain, Germany – and Norway • There is political consensus about eGovernment in municipalities • Politicians believe that voters are interested

38. Citizens and Parents Want to Participate • More than 60% wish to perform transactions with public administration on the Internet • 80% of firms wish the same • 75% prefer using a local portal, i.e. the municipal or city they live in • There is a strong wish for increased access to services (24x7x365), reduced costs, and easier access to information Source: Momentum Research Group