Airport Collaborative Decision Making A-CDM

1. Introductory Summary for THE MANUAL - Airport CDM Implementation Airport Collaborative Decision MakingA-CDM Developed by Walid NAJA Beirut, Lebanon November 2011

2. DISCLAIMER This document does not represent any replacement to the “A-CDM Implementation Manual” developed by EUROCONTROL / IATA / ACI. This document is only an Introductory summary for the aforementioned Manual. It gives the reader a glimpse on what it contains.

3. THE MANUAL – Airport CDM Implementation www.euro-cdm.org Version 3.1, last updated July 2010

4. ATM – without A-CDM The only information regarding departure used for planning is the Estimated Off-Block Time (EOBT), Taken from the ATC flight plan when filed. En-route En -route Take-off Landing Off-block In-block Turn-round There is no data-link between airborne and ground flight segments.

5. ATM – with A-CDM ATM departure sequencing makes use of parameters (milestones) shared by AO/GH during turn-round, eg: Target Off-Block Time (TOBT) Target Start-up Approval Time (TSAT) En-route En -route Take-off Landing Off-block In-block Turn-round The A-CDM Platform connects in real-time the turn-round time to the ATM Network

6. Understanding A-CDM • A-CDM, once embedded in ATM operational concept, will improve Operational Efficiency, Predictability, and Punctuality of the ATM network and airport stakeholders. • It is about partners working together and making decisions based on more accurate and higher quality information, where every bit of information has the exact same meaning for every partner involved. • In other words, all partners and stakeholders have a common Situational Awareness.

7. Understanding A-CDM Platform CFMU DPI A-SMGCS AODB A-CDM Platform Airport Schedule Electronic Strips CFMU FUM ATC En-route

8. Understanding A-CDM – The Challenge The biggest challenge in implementing A-CDM will be to alter the daily tasks of people on the working-floor towards a common shared awareness and an overall agreed methodology. Culture Change

9. Setting up the A-CDM Project In quick words: • Get all Partners on board • Set the Objectives • Set the Organization Structure • Write the Plan • Start Implementing

10. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

11. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual – Step by step

12. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

13. Setting up the A-CDM Project 1 - General A-CDM Process • Identify the interest and Benefits in implementing A-CDM • Aircraft Operators: Better adherence to schedule, possibility to express preferences • Ground Handlers: Improved predictability of turnaround operations, better use of resources • Airport operator: Increased DEP & ARR punctuality, more efficient use of stands, gates & Terminals • ATC:Optimized use of airport airside infrastructure, reduced ground congestions • CFMU: Better adherence to slots, optimized use of airspace capacity • Gather Information, GAP Analysis, Cost Benefits Analysis (CBA)

14. Setting up the A-CDM Project 1 - General A-CDM Process

15. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

16. Setting up the A-CDM Project 2 - Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • The need for A-CDM • The Challenges ahead • The Sensitivity of Data (Threats from shared information, un-secured information) • Understanding the Value of Data (comprehensive education) • Understanding the roles of partners

17. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

18. Setting up the A-CDM Project 3 - Setting the Objectives Partners may have contradictory or complementary objectives. Therefore identifying common objectives is essential.

19. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

20. Setting up the A-CDM Project 4 - Setting the Organization Structure • Who finances the project? • Who runs the project? • How to organize sub-projects? • How to monitor progress? • Identify the Project and sub-project Managers • Identify the Supporting staff • Identify the Advisory Group (External & Internal) • Identify the Communication & Marketing team

21. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

22. Setting up the A-CDM Project 5 - Programme and Project Management • Create a Project Management Plan to be signed by all partners. Contents: • Scope • Objectives • Description of Phases • Risk Management • Quality Management • Work Packages and Work Breakdown Structure (who does what) • Deliverables • Communication Plan • Finance & Funding • Partners & Resources

23. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

24. Setting up the A-CDM Project 6 - Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element Information Sharing (Situational Awareness) Milestone Approach (Implementation of TOBT & TSAT) Variable Taxi Time Pre-departure Sequencing Adverse Conditions Collaborating Management of Flight Updates

25. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

26. Setting up the A-CDM Project 7 - Inventory for Implementation • CBA to choose between modifying available IT resources or acquiring new ones. • An inventory of partners’ existing systems is required • Appropriate resources may already be available

27. Setting up the A-CDM Project As per the A-CDM Implementation Manual: • General A-CDM Process • Educating, Convincing, and Involving all Partners • Setting the Objectives • Setting the Organization Structure • Programme and Project Management • Implementation order of A-CDM Concept Element • Inventory for Implementation • Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment

28. Setting up the A-CDM Project 8 - Gap Analysis and Completeness Assessment • Before the implementation: Gap Analysis - what is available and what is missing. • At the end of implementation: Completeness Assessment to recommend the exchange of Departure Planning Information (DPI) to feed the network with airport Target Take Off Time (TTOT) predictions.

29. Setting up the A-CDM Project Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements Information Sharing (Situational Awareness) Milestone Approach (Implementation of TOBT & TSAT) Variable Taxi Time Pre-departure Sequencing Adverse Conditions Collaborating Management of Flight Updates

30. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE1 - Information Sharing • Information sharing is the “glue” that ties the partners together in their aim to efficiently coordinate airport activities, and forms the foundation for other A-CDM Concept Elements. Information sharing: • Connects A-CDM Partners data processing systems • Provides a single, common set of data describing the status and intentions of a flight • Serves as a platform for information sharing between partners

31. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE1 - Information Sharing • The right information to the right people at the right time. The information shared with partners has to be: • Adequate: Clear and Complete • Timely: At the right time • Consistent: Has clear and unique definition to all partners • Requirements to implement Information Sharing: • Creation of an A-CDM Platform (A-CDM System: Window based / Web based) • Standardized format for information transmission and data storage (indentify the data dictionary. Identify transmission format: AIXM, XML, etc…) • Real-time delivery of available information or data (Triggers other processes on-time) • Generic and local processes directly linked to A-CDM platform and triggered by other events or processes. (PERT CPM or GANT charts) • Alert Messages to partners triggered by events or calculations • Use of interactive and interdependent displays and HMI. (User profiles - Identify user then grant Access level, therefore safeguarding information confidentiality)

32. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE1 - Information Sharing Functions & Data Sources

33. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE2 – Milestone Approach The main objective of the Milestone Approach is to further improve the Situational Awareness of all Partners when the flight is inbound, or in the turn-round phase, or departing. (Arrival, landing, taxi-in, turn-round, taxi-out, departure). There are 16 basic Milestones defined so far.

34. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE2 – Milestone Approach - Example

35. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE2 – Milestone Approach

36. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements Essential Acronyms

37. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE3 – Variable Taxi Time (VTT) • Accurate Taxi Times are essential for calculating the following important times in the Milestone Approach: • Estimated In-Block Time (EIBT) • Estimated and Target Take-Off Time (ETOT / TTOT) • Calculated Take-Off Time (CTOT by CFMU) • In non-ACDM airports, Taxi Time is fixed to 15 Minutes. • In A-CDM airports, VTT is the product of Speed and Distance with respect to external conditions like the parameters listed on the next slide

38. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE3 – Variable Taxi Time (VTT) • Parameter affecting Taxi Time: • Airport Layout & Infrastructure • Runway(s) in use • Number of runway crossings required • Aircraft parking stand location • MET conditions • Aircraft type and operator • Aircraft weight • Push back approval delivery time • Remote de-icing / anti-icing • Traffic density • Local operations procedures

39. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE3 – Variable Taxi Time • To calculate Taxi Times, the following should be taken into account: • The current default Taxi times • Input from operational expertise • Aircraft type / category • Average taxi times based on historical data • Specific taxi times based on operational conditions • Taxi routing according to runway in use

40. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE4 – Pre-departure Sequencing • ATM applies mostly the “First come, first served” principle. This leads to queuing near the runway threshold. • Pre-departure sequencing allows ATC to handle the TOBT’s obtained from the turn-around process in a way that flights can depart from their stands in a more efficient and optimal order. • ATC can provide a TSAT which places each aircraft in an efficient pre-departure sequence (Off-Block) • Departure Management (DMAN), Arrival Management (AMAN), A-SMGCS are key enabler for pre-departure sequencing and network optimization. • Requirements: All previous Concept Elements • By early planning for the pre-departure sequence • Best Planned, Best Served will replace First Come, First Served

41. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE5 – Adverse Conditions • The Adverse Conditions Element aims to enable the management of reduced capacity in the most optimal manner possible and to facilitate a swift return to normal capacity once adverse conditions no longer prevail. • Requirements: All previous Concept Elements • A-CDM Cell: Representatives from each Partner form a Cell and elect a Cell Coordinator whose responsibilities are to Monitor for alert conditions, to Coordinate special procedures as well as actions and decisions, and to Lead the A-CDM Cell. • The benefits of having an A-CDM Cell are enhanced predictability, optimized use of available capacity, enhanced communication, and smooth recovery after disruption.

42. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE6 – Collaborative Management of Flight Updates • The main benefits of Flight Updates: • It ensures the completeness of information between en-route and airport operations • It improves predictability of ground operations through enhanced initial information about inbound flights • It improves estimates of take off times, allowing a more accurate and more predictable view of the traffic situation, resulting in improved slot allocation

43. Exploring A-CDM Concept Elements CE6 – Collaborative Management of Flight Updates

44. Airport Collaborative Decision Making • As experience with A-CDM grows, new ways of treating and interpreting the streaming data will be developed, enabling new information and new functions to be derived from it. • A-CDM reflects the close cooperation of local airport partners, but keep in mind that the airport itself is a part of the ATM network; it affects, and is affected by, operational improvement or degradation at other airports.

45. A-CDM Online Tutorial • EUROCONTROL Training Zone offers a free of charge online training course about A-CDM. • Airport Collaborative Decision Making: • from concept to implementation and partner’s roles. • In addition to an introduction for A-CDM and the Concept Elements, the course covers: • The role of ATCO’s in A-CDM • The role of Aircraft Operators in A-CDM • The role of Airport Operators in A-CDM • The role of Ground Handlers in A-CDM • The role of Pilots in A-CDM • Visit https://trainingzone.eurocontrol.int/, then create a profile and register for the course.

46. Airport Collaborative Decision Making THANK YOU