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From microseismic event to reservoir characterisation: A workflow

From microseismic event to reservoir characterisation: A workflow. An overview... ...and a wishlist Andreas Wuestefeld. Microseismic event. ?. Understanding of reservoir. Cracks, fractures, joints, faults. cm-m scale. μ m – mm scale km-scale .

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From microseismic event to reservoir characterisation: A workflow

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  1. From microseismic event to reservoir characterisation: A workflow An overview... ...and a wishlist Andreas Wuestefeld

  2. Microseismic event ? Understanding of reservoir

  3. Cracks, fractures, joints, faults... cm-m scale μm – mm scale km-scale ? From: Pollard & Aydin, 1988 • Industry: • Geothermal, waste, mining, hydrocarbon, tunnel construction • Glaciology • Volcanology • Tectonic processes • Laboratory experiments • Constrain rock-physic parameters • Test boundary conditions

  4. Mapping of surface features Seismic event locations Borehole measurements Numerical models Shear wave splitting Focal mechanisms

  5. 1) Recording a seismic event • As user of microseismic data, we are interested in differences between • * Surface arrays • * Shallow buried sensors • * Single well array • * Multi-well array • Advantages and disadvantages of either for specific purpose • Pledge to operators and service companies: • standard coordinate system and fix sensor orientations 2) Format conversion Convert operator format to SAC for use with Bristol Code Eventually SEGY for microseismic data (“SEGμ”)

  6. 3) Noise suppression Often seismograms are contaminated by periodic noise (cables, tubing) Filter by: - adaptive (Kalman) filter - correlation/timeshift (e.g. Xmetal) - adaptive multi-notch Wuestefeld et al., in press

  7. 4) Phase picking • Manual • STA/LTA • AIC (Akaike Information Criteria) • Many more...

  8. Seismic event locations 5) Event locations Geiger (1910) Reservoir integrity: Are events in overburden or in reservoir? Guide drilling strategies In mines: hazard of cave collapse Temporal evolution may be correlated with production history Need for good velocity model Jones et al. (in press)

  9. 6) Station orientation-compare particle motion with straight line- RAW input Best rotation Rotated and filtered

  10. 7) Focal mechanismsDetermine the rupture plane Need for good directional coverage

  11. 8) Shear-wave splitting http://garnero.asu.edu (Verdon et al, 2009, GJI)

  12. 8) Shear-wave splitting - Frequency dependence -

  13. 9) Modellingmicroseismicity 310 38 60o • Coupling of fluid-flow and • geomechanics • (Angus et al., in Revision) • Wave form modelling through • fractured media (Hildyard , 2007) E ~ 6800 MPa

  14. 10) Modelling of stress in reservoir (Verdon et al., 2010)

  15. Microseismic event ? Understanding of reservoir

  16. Microseismic event 1) Recording 2) Format conversion 3) Filter noise “Classic” Seismology Spectraseis 4) Phase picking Event diffusion (Shapiro) 5) Event Locations 6) Station orientation 7) Focal mechanism 8) Shear wave splitting Rock physics parameters (Lab experiments) 9) Wave Modelling 10) Stress modelling Understanding of reservoir

  17. Wish-list Outlook Splitting tomography Frequency dependent splitting Noise processing Advanced seismics on cores • Standard file format • Velocity model/Rheology • Viscosity • Production history • Abandoned wells?

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