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Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion. Chapter 18 Test Review. Great Plains. What were the reasons for the Westward Expansion? Ans- Gold- California & Alaska Silver- Colorado Free land and adventure A new beginning for slaves. Great Plains States. Ans- Montana, Colorado Wyoming, New Mexico, Texas

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Westward Expansion

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  1. Westward Expansion Chapter 18 Test Review

  2. Great Plains • What were the reasons for the Westward Expansion? • Ans- Gold- California & Alaska Silver- Colorado • Free land and adventure • A new beginning for slaves

  3. Great Plains States • Ans- Montana, Colorado • Wyoming, New Mexico, Texas • Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska • North and South Dakota

  4. Characteristics of the G.P. • Ans- Flatlands that rise gradually from east to west • Land eroded by wind and water • Low rainfall • Frequent dust storms

  5. What is an exoduster? • Ans- Former slave searching for new opportunities.

  6. Inventions used on the G.P. • Barbed Wire • Steel Plow • Sod House • Windmills

  7. Homestead Act • Ans- The government gave 160 acres of land to farmers who were willing to farm it for five years.

  8. Why was G.P. called America’s Bread Basket • Ans- The Great Plains went from a dry wasteland to a land perfect for farming wheat.

  9. Transcontinental Railroad • The Transcontinental Railroad went “across the country” • It was constructed to move people and supplies faster • It was encouraged by the government

  10. Two companies that helped build the railroad • Central Pacific • Starting point- Sacramento,California • Union Pacific • Starting point- Omaha, Nebraska

  11. Who was hired to build the R.R. • Ans- Immigrants from Ireland/Germany • Central Pacific- Chinese • Union Pacific- Irish, African Americans, and Mexicans

  12. Where did the two railroads meet? • Ans- Promontory, Utah • Future to all future commerce East and West • Governor Leland Stanford drove in the last spike- May 10, 1869

  13. Boom or Bust • Boom Towns • Ans- Towns that sprung up around the railroad and mining towns

  14. Boom or Bust Con’t • Ghost Towns • Ans- Deserted towns typically when the gold ran out

  15. Reasons for the Ghost Towns • Ans- gold ran out • Destruction of the buffalo • Downfall of Native Americans • Dust storms, insects, tornados, few trees, low rainfall • Hard treatment of immigrant workers • Barbed wire hurt Native Am. culture

  16. Mexican land ceded to the U.S. in 1848 after the war • All of California, Nevada, and Utah, Most of Arizona • Some of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming

  17. Definition of ceded • Ceded- to give up or grant usually by treaty • For 15 million dollars all of those lands were ceded to the United States

  18. Native American Conflicts • What is a reservation • Ans- small piece of land designated for Native Americans

  19. Broken Promises • Reason for the broken promise: • Gold was found on the Lakota Reservation • Government went back on the treaties

  20. Battle of Little Bighorn • Sioux victory over U.S. Army led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse - 1876

  21. General George A. Custer • U. S. Army general killed at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876

  22. Sitting Bull • Native American leader who refused to give up the Black Hills (gold was found in the mountains). • Defeated General Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn

  23. Chief Joseph • Nez Perce Chief • Native American leader who attempted to lead his people to Canada to escape life on a reservation

  24. Chief Joseph Con’t • Made the statement “… I shall fight no more forever!” • This statement means- he accepted his tribe being forced on reservations.

  25. End of the Buffalo • Buffalo threatened by the Railroad • Hunted for sport • Hides popular as blankets

  26. Dawes Act of 1887 • An attempt to “Americanize” Native Americans • Was supposed to improve life for the Native Americans • Gave each Native American a plot of land within the reservation

  27. Dawe’s Act Con’t • The land was no longer for the Native Americans as a whole group • Native Americans were to become farmers and citizens of the United States

  28. Dawe’s Act Con’t • Native American children were sent to white schools • The land was sold to support the children’s schooling • The land not sold was not good for farming

  29. Ghost Dance • Done by the Sioux to bring back their way of life. Created by Wovoka. • Representative from tribes all over the nation came to Nevada to learn the dance and sing the Ghost Dance songs.

  30. Reason for Ghost Dance • Conditions on the reservations were very bad. Many Native Americans were starving. Wovoka told the Indians he was the messiah who came to make things better.

  31. Effects of the Ghost Dance • The Ghost Dance was viewed as a threat by the government • The Native Americans were no longer allowed to do the dance • Government blamed Sitting Bull for the problems of adjusting to life on the reservations

  32. Wounded Knee • Started by the death of Sitting Bull • Massacre where 250 Sioux were killed in 1890 • Last battle between the U.S.- the Native Amer. surrender

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