Presentation Transcript

1. Westward Expansion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_destinys
2. Northwest Territory As a result of the French and Indian War America took possession of the Northwest Territory. After the Revolutionary War Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance
3. Northwest Territory Northwest Ordinance: Divided the territory into smaller territories Set up a way that the territories could become states Five states eventually are made: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin
4. Northwest Territory Slavery was banned in the Northwest Territory
5. Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson- 3rd president Wants to secure the Mississippi River for shipping purchases. Negotiates with the leader of France, Napoleon (who ones the Louisiana Territory) to purchase the entire piece of land.
6. Louisiana Purchase 1803 Purchase is made. Largest land purchase by the USA. Doubled the size of the USA. 15 million dollars. A BARGAIN!
7. Lewis and Clark Expedition President Jefferson wanted to send someone to explore the new land and find a water route to the Pacific Ocean. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were chosen. They set out from St. Louis in May of 1804 and didn’t return until September 1806.
8. Lewis and Clark Expedition Gained much knowledge about plants, animals, terrain. Met many new Native American tribes along the way. The expedition led to many people moving to the Pacific Northwest.
9. The War of 1812 Congress declared War on Britain in June of 1812. Reasons: British were encourage Native Americans in the west to resist American settlers British were practicing impressment: kidnapping US sailors at sea.
10. The War of 1812 Goal: win land from the British in Canada and Spain in Florida (expansion!) August 1814: British invade Washington, DC and burn much of the city.
11. The War of 1812 Fort McHenry: Americans win a glorious battle. Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner (national anthem) after witnessing the battle.
12. War of 1812 Andrew Jackson was a US Commander during the war. He won many battles against Native Americans allied with Britain. Battle of New Orleans: famously outnumbered, Jackson leads his men to victory. Side note: the war was already over! He didn’t know!
13. War of 1812 The war ended with the Treaty of Ghent No one really won the war. The US did not gain new land, but the war ensured that they could continue to settle the west.
14. Nationalism The War of 1812 led to US nationalism. Pride that citizens feel for their country. Citizens began to view their country as one of the greatest on earth!
15. The Monroe Doctrine After the war the country entered into a time period that was very peaceful. Era of Good Feelings Economy is good Nationalism Unity
16. The Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe (5th) issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. Monroe Doctrine: US will not tolerate European intervention in the Americas American continents (north and south) are no longer open for colonization He didn’t have the power to enforce this, but Britain helped back it up to ensure their trade in the Americas.
17. Manifest Destiny The idea that it was Americans destiny to expand and possess territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
18. The Missouri Compromise Slavery begins to cause a lot of controversy! Northern States opposed any new state allowing slavery. Southern States thought that new states being “free states” would give them a disadvantage in Congress.
19. The Missouri Compromise At the time there were the same number of free states as slave states. 1819- Missouri applies to be a state. Missouri wanted to be a slave state. That would throw off the balance.
20. The Missouri Compromise Compromise: Missouri will become a slave state. Maine will become a free state. 36/30 N would be a dividing line: any state admitted that is above it will be free, any state below will be slave. **Henry Clay thought of this compromise.
21. Texas: Independence and Annexation 1821- Mexico gained independence from Spain. Mexico gained control of Texas. Many US settlers lived in Texas. 1834 General Antonio Santa Ana took power of the Mexican government.
22. Texas: Independence and Annexation Response: US settlers in Texas, led by Sam Houston– rebel! 1836- Texas delegates declare the territory’s independence. The Alamo
23. Texas: Independence and Annexation Texas eventually wins its independence. Wants to become a part of the USA. In 1845 Texas joins the Union.
24. Oregon 1827- US & Great Britain agreed to share the Oregon territory. Many American settlers move out to Oregon. President Polk argued that only the USA had rights to the territory up to the 54/40 N line. Slogan for reelection: “54-40 or Fight!”
25. Oregon Britain wanted to maintain friendly trade relations with Oregon so eventually they give in. The Oregon territory became a part of the USA in 1846.
26. Mexican-American War Mexico saw the USA annexing Texas as aggression towards them. 1845- President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor (later becomes President) to lead his troops to the Texas/Mexico boarder.
27. Mexican-American War President Polk sent a diplomat to negotiate the boarder with Mexico. Mexico refused to meet with him. President Polk told Taylor to send his men a bit past the boarder. Congress declared war on Mexico 1846.
28. Mexican-American War War end in 1847 (Mexico surrendered). Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo: 1848 Mexico had to hand over New Mexico and California territories.
29. The Gadsden Purchase USA built a transcontinental railroad. We needed more land that Mexico owned to get around the Grand Canyon. We peaceful purchases a piece of land (called the Gadsden purchase) from Mexico for 10 million dollars.
30. The Cherokee & Trail of Tears Cherokee- prominent Native American tribe in western NC and northern Georgia. Cherokee had helped Andrew Jackson in the war of 1812. Accommodating to white settlements more than any other tribe.
31. The Cherokee & Trail of Tears Then… Gold was found on Cherokee land. US Government stepped in and moved the tribe. White settlers were allowed to now settled the former Cherokee land.
32. The Cherokee & Trail of Tears 1830- Indian Removal Act - authorized the removal of the Cherokee and several other tribes . The Cherokee challenged it. The Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee had the right to remain on their land.
33. The Cherokee & Trail of Tears President Jackson disagreed and would not enforce the decision of the court. 1838- Jackson leaves office and the government removed the Cherokee with force. Forced to walk over 800 miles to Oklahoma. Over 25% died from disease, starvation, and exposure. “Trail of Tears”
34. Trail of Tears
35. California Becomes a State 1848- GOLD!!!! Found in California. 1849- gold seekers move west in droves. (49ers) Growth in population in CA caused a need for government and stability. California needs to become a state.
36. California Becomes a State Raises the slavery issue again. Compromise of 1850: California- free state Stricter ‘Fugitive Slave Law’
37. Sectional Differences People moved west for many different reasons: religion, promise of land, money etc. Mormons - moved west to escape religious persecution. Founder, Joseph Smith, had been murdered. Brigham Young became their new leader and took them out west to present-day Utah.
38. Sectional Differences Gold Rush of 1849. 1859- rush to western Nevada after a discover of more precious metals. Gold becomes the major reason for conflict between white settlers and Natives.
39. Sectional Differences Land also drew people. People spread west to gain more land and farm more (especially cotton). This also spread slavery and the debate on it.
40. Sectional DifferencesEconomic Differences between the NORTH and SOUTH 1793- Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. This invention increased production and made cotton the most valuable crop in the south --- “King Cotton”. More Cotton = More slaves
41. Sectional DifferencesEconomic Differences between the NORTH and SOUTH Eli Whitney also came up with the innovation of interchangeable parts. Making individual parts that will work on all types… This idea spread in the north and many factories opened to keep up with production!
42. Sectional DifferencesEconomic Differences between the NORTH and SOUTH Sectionalism and tension over slavery increased. South: plantation system Free labor North: factory system Paid workers
43. Sectional DifferencesEconomic Differences between the NORTH and SOUTH Moral issue: Many people in the North began to see slavery as a moral issue. Called for abolition of the institution. Southerners said that the conditions factory workers were in were just as bad, if not worse than slaves in the south.
44. Sectional DifferencesPolitical Differences Southerners/Westerners: National government should be restricted. Can only do what it SPECIFICALLY says in the Constitution. Didn’t trust northerners (wanted to end slavery) Northerners: Support strong national government. Liked laws that favored factory system over plantation system.
45. Sectional DifferencesPolitical Differences Southerners: opposed tariffs (tax on imports) Hurt their business of selling crops overseas. Fought to uphold slavery (depended on it)
46. Sectional DifferencesPolitical Differences Northerners: Did not want to see slavery expand into new states and territories. Some wanted it to end all together. Moral: its an abomination Economic: want to beat the south
47. Democracy Feeling of no REAL democracy: Only white males who owned property could vote. Only wealthy people tended to win elections. African American (free men)? Women? Non-land owners?
48. Andrew Jackson“old hickory” Westerns love him! “Common Man” Not born rich- achieved his success through hard work. Decided to run for President in 1824.
49. A “Corrupt Bargain” Candidates: John Q. Adams William Crawford Henry Clay Andrew Jackson Too close to call. Goes to the House of Representatives to decide.
50. A “Corrupt Bargain” Henry Clay was in the House, he could vote. He voted for John Q. Adams, causing him to win. In return Adams would name Clay the Secretary of State.
51. A “Corrupt Bargain” Jackson was OUTRAGED! He called it a corrupt bargain! Revenge: 4 years later Jackson runs against JQ Adams and wins the presidency!
52. Universal (white male) Suffrage Jackson strongly believed in giving the vote to white settlers who settled west. He resented “eastern elites” Favor the upper class Pass laws that help the wealthy
53. Universal (white male) suffrage Jackson favored universal suffrage- the idea that all white men should be free to vote, not just property owners. Many states agreed and dropped the property requirement to vote. This allowed more ‘common men’, to vote and win elections.
54. The “Spoils System” Jackson rewarded his supporters and friends with jobs. This is known as the “spoils system”. He thought this was a great way to give the common man a say.
55. “laissez-faire economics” The idea that government should not regulate business or pass policies to help US businessmen.
56. Strict Interpretation Jackson believed that the national government should only do what the Constitution SPECIFICALLY says that it can do. He believed that if the national government did more they would end up hurting the ‘common man’ and helping the wealthy elite.
57. Return of the 2-Party System Eventually Jackson’s disagreements with other members of his party causes a split. The Democratic-Republican Party becomes: Democrats National Republicans Eventually some of the National Republicans break off and become the Whigs.
58. Social Reforms Second Great Awakening Many zealous Christian preachers traveled from revival to revival Preached the Gospel Called on people to be socially active and do “good works” This will cause many social reforms.
59. Temperance Temperance movement: Goal: moderate the use of alcohol Eventually they decide they want to get rid of alcohol all together. Successful in getting some states to ban it. Who? = women and church people
60. Abolition Abolitionists movement: Goal: to get rid of the slavery Who? = white, middle class, educated, church people from New England or Black former slaves.
61. Women’s Rights Movements Women were the heart of the home. Many affected the abolitionist and temperance movements, but still could not vote. Goal: gain the right to vote.
62. The End! Study! Study! Study! Study! Study! Study! Study! Study! Study! Study! Study!