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Muscular System

Muscular System. Objectives: Review anatomical terminology. Review types of joint movements. Compare and contrast types of muscle. What is the opposite of:. Inferior Anterior Medial Distal Superficial. More review and assignments:. Figure 17-2 (Lab Manual)

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System Objectives: Review anatomical terminology. Review types of joint movements. Compare and contrast types of muscle.

  2. What is the opposite of: • Inferior • Anterior • Medial • Distal • Superficial

  3. More review and assignments: • Figure 17-2 (Lab Manual) • Venn diagram of the three types of muscle. Add any other general information you know about muscle. • Homework: • Add Chapter 8 roots, prefixes, and suffixes to medical terminology sheet (Vocabulary quiz on Wednesday!!!) • Medical journal article on a disease or disorder of the muscular system due on test day

  4. Muscle Tissues • Skeletal muscle tissue (“voluntary”) • Long, threadlike cells • Striations: alternating light and dark cross-markings • Each cell has many nuclei just beneath the cell membrane.

  5. Muscle Tissues (cont.) 2. Smooth muscle tissue (“involuntary”) • No striations • Cells are shorter than skeletal muscle, spindle-shaped, and have one, centrally located nucleus. • Line walls of internal organs

  6. Muscle Tissues (cont.) 3. Cardiac muscle tissue – heart • Striated and joined end-to-end • Each cell has only one nucleus. ???

  7. Types of Muscle Tissue (p.185):

  8. Skeletal Muscle Actions • Movement depends on type of joint the muscle is associated with • Origin & Insertion: • Origin – the end of the muscle that is fastened to a relatively immovable or fixed part • Insertion– the end connected to the movable part on the other side of the joint • When muscles contract, its insertion is pulled toward its origin (EX: biceps brachii)

  9. Interaction of Skeletal Muscles • Prime mover – the muscle responsible for MOST of the movement(aka, agonist) • Synergist - ??? • Antagonist - ???

  10. Major Skeletal Muscles • Names may indicate location, size, shape, action, number of attachments, or direction of muscle fibers: • Pectoralis major • Deltoid • Extensor digitorum • Biceps brachii • Sternocleidomastoid • External oblique 1 2 3 4 5

  11. Muscles of Facial Expression • “It takes more muscles to frown than it does to smile.” • More than 600 skeletal muscles in the body – 60 in the face! • 40 used to frown • 20 used to smile • Smallest muscle is the stapedius, in the middle ear • Largest - ??? • Longest - ???

  12. Muscles of Facial Expression (p.188) and Mastication (p.190) ***Epicranius has 2 parts: frontalis and occipitalis.

  13. Muscles That Move the Head Add these muscles to your head drawing.

  14. Muscles That Move the Pectoral Girdle (p.191) • Closely associated with those that move the arm • Many move the scapula up, down, backward, and forward

  15. Muscles That Move the Arm • Grouped according to primary actions: • Flexors • Coracobrachialis • Pectoralis major • Extensors • Teres major • Latissimus dorsi • Abductors • Supraspinatus • Deltoid • Rotators • Subscapularis • Infraspinatus • Teres minor

  16. Muscles That Move the Arm (p.193)

  17. Muscles That Move the Forearm • Flexors • Biceps brachii • Brachialis • Brachioradius • Extensor • ???? • Rotators • Supinator • Pronator teres • Pronator quadratus (square shaped)

  18. Muscles That Move the Forearm (p.194)

  19. Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers • Flexors • Flexor carpi radialis • Flexor caroi ulnaris • Palmaris longus • Flexor digitorum profundus • Extensors • Extensor carpi radialis longus • Extensor carpi radialis brevis • Extensor carpi ulnaris • Extensor digitorum

  20. Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (p.195)

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