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Health Psychology (6)

Health Psychology (6). Christine L. Whitley. Life events. Personal appraisal. Challenge. Threat. Personality type. Easy going, Nondepressed, Optimistic. Hostile, Depressed, Pessimistic. Personal habits. Nonsmoking, Regular exercise, Good nutrition. Smoking, Sedentary, Poor nutrition.

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Health Psychology (6)

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  1. Health Psychology (6) Christine L. Whitley

  2. Life events Personal appraisal Challenge Threat Personality type Easy going, Nondepressed, Optimistic Hostile, Depressed, Pessimistic Personal habits Nonsmoking, Regular exercise, Good nutrition Smoking, Sedentary, Poor nutrition Level of social support Close, enduring Lacking Tendency toward Health Illness Chapter 5: Staying healthy

  3. Communication • Both physicians and patients hold responsibility for the communication process • Health communication also involves messages from the media, our families, and our friends • As the types of diseases that most affect us have changed, communication has become an even more important factor that it once was.

  4. Three level of prevention • Primary prevention involves health-promotion activities before there is any evidence of illness or increased risk • Secondary prevention involves health-promotion activities designed to forestall negative outcomes, when one has a condition that puts him/her at risk for further health damage • Tertiary prevention involves taking measures specifically designed to sure a disease or control its progress.

  5. The charts below show how adults and adolescents living with AIDS most likely became infected with HIV. Around 77% of those living with AIDS are men. • An estimated 3,927 children were living with AIDS at the end of 2004, of whom 97% probably acquired the infection from their mothers. • People with AIDS are surviving longer and are contributing to a steady increase in the number of people living with AIDS. http://www.avert.org/statsum.htm

  6. Wellness Exercise properly Sleep adequately Maintaining a healthy diet

  7. Obesity • The adaptative tendency to store fat has become maladaptive • BMI Weight in kg (poundsx.45) Squared height in meters (inches divided by 4)

  8. Eating disordershttp://www.psychiatric-disorders.com/eating-disorders/index.php • Influenced by many factors, including family rituals and values around food and eating, ethnic and cultural influences, societal influences, and individual biology • Stress on physical beauty and fitness • LIFESTYLE… • Pathology: use/manipulate eating behaviors in an effort to control weight. DANGEROUS!

  9. Anorexia

  10. Anorexia http://www.psychcentral.com/quizzes/

  11. Bulimia

  12. Bulimia http://www.psychiatric-disorders.com/eating-disorders/bulimia-symptoms.php

  13. Rates of Psychological Disorders

  14. Symptoms: • Physical • Emotional • Relational

  15. Physical Symptoms • sleep disturbances • back, shoulder or neck pain • tension or migraine headaches • upset or acid stomach, cramps, heartburn, gas, irritable bowel syndrome • constipation, diarrhea • weight gain or loss, eating disorders • hair loss • muscle tension • fatigue • high blood pressure • irregular heartbeat, palpitations • asthma or shortness of breath • chest pain • sweaty palms or hands • cold hands or feet • skin problems (hives, eczema, psoriasis, tics, itching) • periodontal disease, jaw pain • reproductive problems • immune system suppression: more colds, flu, infections • growth inhibition You can feel it, you can notice it!

  16. Emotional Symptoms You feel frustrated? Upset? Lost? Discouraged? ... • nervousness, anxiety • depression, moodiness • “butterflies” • irritability, frustration • memory problems • lack of concentration • trouble thinking clearly • feeling out of control • substance abuse • phobias • overreactions

  17. Relational symptoms • increased arguments • isolation from social activities • conflict with co-workers or employers • frequent job changes • road rage • domestic or workplace violence • overreactions Can you control?

  18. Health recommendationsand behavior change • Nonadherence is more likely when more barriers to effecctive adherence exist • Excessive cost or impractivality • Lack of social/familial support • Low level of commitment • Failure to clearly understand the necessary procedures

  19. Health information • Media: • Often not well-formulated, and may not accurately represent the scientific data • Too much: people feel overwhelmed • Bad targeting • People may tune out media messages they don’t want to hear • May not shape health beliefs in positive way

  20. Health information • Medical interaction • Physicians spend little time on prevention-related topics • Patients may hide negative behaviors from their physicians, or may ignore information that their physicians give them

  21. Health information • Social Network: • Family • Friends • …

  22. Theories integrating believes, attitudes and intention

  23. Promoting healthy behaviors and Preventing unhealthy behaviors • Identifying unhealthy behaviors • Understanding the (immediate) consequences of unhealthy behaviors • Designing programs to change the unhealthy behavior • Identifying the healthy behavior • Understanding the (immediate) rewards from the healthy behaviors • Designing programs that would combine both promotion of healthy behaviors and prevention of unhealthy behaviors.

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