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The Development Of Children Chapter 2

The Development Of Children Chapter 2. The Human Heritage: Genes and the Environment. Bottom Line 1 - Terms to know in Ch 2. Mitosis and Meiosis Chromosomes: Males have XY and Females have XX chromosomes Genes DNA Dominant and Recessive Genes. Bottom Line 2 Concepts to know in Ch 2.

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The Development Of Children Chapter 2

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  1. The Development Of ChildrenChapter 2 The Human Heritage: Genes and the Environment

  2. Bottom Line 1 - Terms to know in Ch 2 • Mitosis and Meiosis • Chromosomes: Males have XY and Females have XX chromosomes • Genes • DNA • Dominant and Recessive Genes

  3. Bottom Line 2Concepts to know in Ch 2 • Genetics + Environment = Characteristics Sex-linked characteristics • Gene-environment interaction - bunnies! • Genes and behavior - family, twin and adoption studies • Causes of Genetic Abnormalities (Down Syndrome, PKU, Sickle Cell anemia, Klinefelter Syndrome)

  4. Down Syndrome • Cause: 3 (vs. 2) copies of chromosome 21 • Traits: Mentally/physically retarded and distinctive physical characteristics • Incidence: 1:1000 births • Outlook: Special education markedly improve intellectual, social, physical and creative functioning

  5. Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Cause: Defective recessive gene resulting in retarded development of prefrontal cortex • Traits: Severe retardation • Incidence: 1:10,000 • Outlook: Feeding PKU infants a diet avoiding milk, eggs, bread, fish reduces the severity of mental retardation

  6. Sickle-Cell Anemia • Cause: Recessive gene (victims are homozygous, but heterozygous subjects are also mildly affected) • Traits: Abnormal blood cells cause circulatory problems (e.g., heart enlargement) and severe anemia • Incidence: 8-9% of U.S. blacks • Outlook: Crippling, but treatable with medication

  7. Klinefelter Syndrome • Cause: Extra X chromosome (i.e., XXY) • Traits: Males fail to develop secondary sex characteristics (e.g., facial hair, voice change), are sterile, and most have speech and language problems • Incidence: 1:900 males • Outlook: May be treatable with testosterone replacement therapy

  8. Survival Strategies: Culture • Cultural artifacts, such as tools and clothing, greatly extend the range of environments in which human beings can reproduce and thrive • Cultural knowledge, such as the creation of “hazard prevention strategies,” serves to protect and support children to enable them to mature and reproduce

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