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Contrast radiography

Contrast radiography. Contrast is chemical substance which is introduced in human body via entral/ parentral route to visualize certain structures not seen in plain radiography.it is also used to see vascularity of certain lesions in ct scan and mri.

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Contrast radiography

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  1. Contrast radiography Contrast is chemical substance which is introduced in human body via entral/parentral route to visualize certain structures not seen in plain radiography.it is also used to see vascularity of certain lesions in ct scan and mri

  2. Contraindications for I.V contrast STUDIES • ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATION • MULTIPLE MYELOMA • RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS • DEHYDRATION • MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION • UNCONTROLLED DIABETIS MEELITIS • UREMIA

  3. COMPLICATION OF CONTRAST STUDIES • LOCAL (AT SITE OF INJECTION) • PHELIBITIS • EXTRAVASTION OF CONTRAST • SWELLING IN SOFT TISSUES • SYSTEMIC • MOSTLY B/C OF HYPERSENSIVITY • NAUSEA • VOMITTING • TACHCARDIA • ANAPHYLATIC SHOCK • ERYTHEMA/ERYSEPALOUS

  4. Types of contrast • 1. POSITIVE they produce opaque image • Example barium sulphate,iodine containing contrasts such as urograffin ,omnipaque.ipomoro. • 2. negative they produce radiolucent image. • Example air.

  5. Routes of contrast • Entral contrast is given by oral route. • Anal orifice contrast study is called barium enema/gastrograffin enema • Intravenous. • Intraarterial. • External opening on body surface study is called sinogram / fistulogram/loopogram

  6. General protocols • Informative consent. • Pt should be well hydrated. • In case of i.v contrast study renal function must be aceesed(seum urea/creatinine). • AnyH/o hypersensivity TO CERTAIN DRUGS • PT vitals must be stable. • At time of procedures the life saving drugs must be present

  7. System related contrast studies • GIT • Barium swallow • Barium meal • Barium meal andfollow through • Barium enema • loopogram • hepatobilliary system • Percutaneoustranshepaticcholeangiography. • ERCP • Urinogenital system

  8. Urogenital system • I V U • RETROGRADE PYELOGRAPHY • CYSTOGRAPHY • CYSTOURETHROGRAPHY • RETROGRADE UREHROGRAPHY • MICTURATING CYSTO URETHROGARAPHY • HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY.

  9. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • ANGIOGRAPHY • CORONARY/ CEREBRAL • VENOGRAPHY • CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • NEW IMAGING MODALITIES ARE USED • CT SCAN /mrii.v contrast is used • myelography

  10. indications • Each contrast study has its own indications • Barium swallow • Dysphagia • Barium meal • Epigastric pain highly suspicious gastric / duodenal ulcer. GERD. Recurrent vomitting. • Barium meal and follow through • Small intestinal disorders .intestinal tuberculosis.inflamatory bowel diseases • Barium enema • Constipation . Malena, colonic mass. Hirshprung disease

  11. INTRA VENOUS UROGRAPHY • Renal stone localization and obstructive effects • Renal function • Localization of ectopic kidney, • Congenital anamoly like horseshoe kineys. • Haematuria • Large pelvic mass

  12. Protocols of contrast studies • Informative consent. • Preperation of pt • In iv contrast studies pt should be kept on light dinner before day of study. • Pt should be kept NPO. • SERUM UREA AND CREATININESHOULD BE NORMAL. • I.V LINE SHOULD BE MAINTAINED. • EMERGENCY TROLLY MUST BE PRESENT. • FOR BARIUM SWALLOW URETHROGRAPHY,SINUGGRAPHY.FISTULOGRAPHY.AND CYSTOGRAPHY PT PREPERATION IS NOT NEEDED. • CLEAN ENEMA/ LAXATIVE SHOULD BE GIVEN IF CONTRAST STUDY IS INCLUDING ITESTINE IN IMAGE. • I,v contrast should be given slowly.

  13. SELECTION OF CONTRAST • IV CONTRAST ARE OF THREE TYPES. • 1.IONIC AND HYPER OSMOLAR • 2.NON IONIC HYPER OSMOLAR. • 3.NON IONIC AND HYPOOSMOLAR. MOST SAFE BUT EXPENSIVE. • MOST COMMONLY USED IS UROGRAFFIN WHICH IS IONIC AND HYPER OSMOLAR.OMNIPAQUE IS NON IONIC BUT HYPER OSMOLAR.ipomoro is non ionicand low osmolar • ORAL CONTRAST ,BARIUM SULPHATE IS CRYSTALLINE POWDER DISSOLVED IN WATER, • BESIDE IT PREPARED LIQUID FORM IS AVAIL ABLE AS GASTROGRAFFIN WHICH IS USED TO

  14. Contraindications for I.V contrast STUDIES • ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATION • MULTIPLE MYELOMA • RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS • DEHYDRATION • MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION • UNCONTROLLED DIABETIS MEELITIS • UREMIA

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