DNA Structure and Replication

1. DNA Structure and Replication Get a white board, marker, and eraser

2. DNA is a polymer of: • nucleosides • fatty acids • monosaccharides • Nucleotides

3. Identify #1 #5 #7 #2 #6 #3 #4

4. Which diagram illustrates the correct structure of a segment of a DNA molecule?

5. The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are made of: • phosphates and hydrogen • glucose and sugars • sugars and phosphates • base pairs

6. The DNA molecule is held together by: • Chuck Norris • Glucose • hydrogen bonds • Glue

7. The sugar found in DNA is: • Splenda • Deoxyribose • Ribose • Glucose

8. The two men who established the structure of DNA were: • Mendel and Crick • Watson and Crick • Holmes and Watson • Darwin and Lamarke

9. Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to 5’ TAGAC 3’? • 5’ TAGAC 3’ • 3’ ATCTG 5’ • 5’ GTCTA 3’ • 5’ CAGAT 3’

10. According to Chargaff’s rule, which of the following statements about double-stranded DNA is TRUE? • A = T and C = G • A + G = C + T • A + T = C + G • A and B • A, B, and C

11. If a DNA molecule is found to be composed of 40% thymine, what percentage of guanine would be expected? • 10% • 20% • 40% • 80%

12. DNA replication results in: • 2 completely new DNA molecules • 2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original • 1 new DNA molecule, 1 old molecule is conserved • 1 new molecule of RNA

13. Which molecules make up the nucleotides of DNA? • Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base • Sugar, phosphate, nucleotide base • Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine • Sugar, protein group, nitrogen base

14. Identify #2 #1 #1 = nitrogen bases #2 = sugar-phosphate backbone

15. Which series is arranged in correct order according to decreasing size of structures? • DNA, nucleus, chromosome, nucleotide, nitrogenous base • Nucleotide, chromosome, nitrogenous base, nucleus, DNA • Nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide, nitrogenous base • Chromosome, nucleus, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, DNA

16. Which two bases are present in equal amounts in a double-stranded DNA molecule? • Cytosine and Thymine • Adenine and Thymine • Adenine and Uracil • Cytosine and Uracil

17. Which set of statements correctly describes the relationships among the terms chromosome, genes, and nuclei? • Chromosomes are found on genes. Genes are found in nuclei • Chromosomes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in genes • Genes are found on chromosomes, Chromosomes are found in nuclei • Genes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in chromosomes.

18. In the diagram, what substances is represented by the letter x? • Nitrogenous base • Deoxyribose • Phosphate Group • adenine

19. What did the Human Genome Project accomplish? • Sequenced the Human Genome • 3.3 billion pairs of A’s, T’s, G’s, and C’s

20. Describe the process of DNA replication • DNA replication occurs when a strand of DNA is unzipped down the middle between its hydrogen bonds. • When the double-stranded DNA is unzipped, each side serves as a template, and free nucleotides bind to each of the single strands. • Two double strands of DNA are made, each containing the same nucleotide sequence. • Each is composed of one original strand and one new strand.

21. Which part of the nucleic acid carries the genetic informatin? • Deoxyribose sugars • Phosphate groups • Nitrogen bases • Hydrogen bonds

22. Why must DNA replication produce two identical copies of DNA? • DNA replication occurs in the S phase and each daughter cell receives a complete copy during the M phase (Mitosis). • Since DNA is the “instructions” for making proteins each cell needs an accurate copy so it can perform its functions correctly.

23. In the cells of eukaryotic organisms, DNA is contained in the • nucleus • cytoplasm • Cell membrane • ribosome