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PILOT PRODUCTION OF A NEW FERTILIZER FROM COMPOST, ORGANIC FARM RESIDUES AND BIOCHAR

PILOT PRODUCTION OF A NEW FERTILIZER FROM COMPOST, ORGANIC FARM RESIDUES AND BIOCHAR. Alice Dall ’ Ara - ENEA Silvia Serranti - DICMA, La Sapienza University Giuseppe Bonifazi - DICMA, La Sapienza University Laura Billi – ARPA Emilia-Romagna AgataTrella - DICMA, La Sapienza University

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PILOT PRODUCTION OF A NEW FERTILIZER FROM COMPOST, ORGANIC FARM RESIDUES AND BIOCHAR

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  1. PILOT PRODUCTION OF A NEW FERTILIZER FROM COMPOST, ORGANIC FARM RESIDUES AND BIOCHAR Alice Dall’Ara - ENEA Silvia Serranti - DICMA, La Sapienza University Giuseppe Bonifazi - DICMA, La Sapienza University Laura Billi – ARPA Emilia-Romagna AgataTrella - DICMA, La Sapienza University Carlos García Izquierdo - CEBAS-CSIG Vanni Tisselli- ASTRA Innovazione e Sviluppo LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE H14 – Esempi di progetti EU LIFE

  2. The context LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE • Organic fertilizers are essential essenscial) for sustainable sasteinabol agriculture, in order to maintain organic matter and fertility in soils. Crop harvesting needs nutrient input, often supplied by means of mineral fertilizers, in particular N and P compounds. • Different kinds of selected organic waste and by-products are available evèilabol • UOW (Urban Organic Waste) • FOR (Farm Organic Residues) • BIOCHAR also from energy production Sardinia 2015

  3. The context LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE BIOCHAR • It is charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass • can be used to lock carbon in the soil: potential for carbon sequestration, simply because bio-char is so stable and is not accessible to normal microbial decay; • can prevent the leaching of nutrients out of the soil, partly because it absorbs and immobilizes certain amounts of nutrients, however, too much immobilization can be harmful • modest additions to soil were found to reduce N2O emissions by up to 80% and completely suppress methane mezeiìnemissions • Soils require active carbon to maintain micro and macro populations, C/N high N immobilization Sardinia 2015

  4. The context LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE • Circular economy (COM(2014) 398) Turning waste into a resource and minimizing the resources escaping from the circle are part of ‘closing the loop’ • EU 7th Environment Action Programme to reduce waste generation, to recycle waste into a major, reliable source of raw materials for the Union, to recover energy only from non-recyclable materials and to virtually eliminate landfilling • Directive 2008/98/CE Sardinia 2015

  5. The Project LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Title: LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 - RESAFE“Innovative fertilizer from urban waste, bio-char and farm residues as substitute of chemical fertilizers" Duration: 24 Months Start date: 01 January 2014 End date: 31 December 2015 Number of beneficiaries: 5 Involved countries: Italy, Spain and Cyprus Co-funded by European Commission within LIFE PROGRAMME Sardinia 2015

  6. The Project LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Current European RESAFE project (LIFE12 ENV/IT/356), co-funded by European Commission in LIFE Programme, aims at demonstrating high quality organic fertilizer production via selected waste recycling and its field application. RESAFE (REduced SAlinity FErtilizer) • Organic fertilizers HQ-ORBP • Salinity, • 50% substitution mineral fertilization Sardinia 2015

  7. M&M: raw materials LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE • Selection criteria • for HQ-ORBP production • in the categories UOW-FOR-BIOCHAR: • Organic matter content and stability, • Nutrient content and salinity, • Biological activity for C, N and P cycle, • Local availability Sardinia 2015

  8. M&M: monitoring LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE • Different analytical techniques: • Physical-chemical and chemical parameters • (pH, salinity, moisture, ashes, Carbon: TC, TOC, water soluble Carbon; Nitrogen: Total N and water soluble N; macro and micronutrients) • Microbiological and biochemical parameters (Microbial respiration and Enzymatic activities); • HSI monitoring, • correlated with a few chemical-physical parameters. • Ecocompatibility (heavy metals, ..) • Thermogravimetric analyses • XRD analyses • SEM characterization • Phytotoxicity (Germination Index, ..) • Hygienical aspects (Salmonella, ..) Sardinia 2015

  9. Selected Raw materials LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE β-glucosidase activity was determined by the method of Tabatabai (1982) and Eivazi&Tabatabai (1988) EC 3.2.1.21 They give different indications. For CY UOW high enzymatic activity, low salinity Except Bio-char, raw materials are active from a the microbial point of view compost Sardinia 2015

  10. Selected raw materials LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Italy Spain Cyprus Sardinia 2015

  11. M&M: labscale test LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Compost FERTILIZER CONTROL Poultrymanure UF Compost BIOTREATMENT HIGH QUALITY FERTILIZER Poultry manure UFV Compost BIOTREATMENT HIGH QUALITY FERTILIZER Poultrymanure BIO-CHAR UFVB Production of HQ-ORBP fertilizer at laboratory scale investigated pathways Sardinia 2015

  12. Proper bio-treatment LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Complex product with biological activity, obtained from selected vegetables is added at the beginning of the process. European patent by Amek scrl (EP 1314710) applicable on biomass stabilisation and maturation, with reduction of smelly emissions. The complex product contains enzymes but also microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) which help the biostabilization. Sardinia 2015

  13. M&M: Lab scale plant in Italy Demonstration of HQ-ORBP (High Quality Organic Matter Based Product) production at laboratory level LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE PAV Sardinia 2015

  14. M&M: Sample collection LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Samples were collected at t=0, 20, 40 and 60 days. They were shared between beneficiaries to perform the analyses. Sardinia 2015

  15. Results: salinity LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE High Moderate Low Salinity rating Trend of salinity, expressed as Electric Conductivity, during HQ-ORBP production a slow continuous reduction for UFVB, with subtle final differences … no losses

  16. Results: carbon LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE high organic carbon content, characteristics of good amendments with all functions Water soluble fraction readily available Constant for UF UFVB slight decrease*

  17. Results: Nitrogen LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Soluble Total Nitrogen shows a decrease of about 30% after 40 days Sardinia 2015

  18. Results:Macro/micronutrients LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Macro and Micronutrients average concentration in considered samples P K Na lower than K Sardinia 2015

  19. Results: enzymatic activities LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE β–glucosidase enzyme, as indicator of transformation connected to C cycle two different kinetics, in presence or absence of biotreatment : without biotreatment, for UF there is a gradual decrease; for UFV and UFVB, initial stability and sharp decline from 20 to 40 days, reaching final values Sardinia 2015

  20. Results: microbial respiration LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Accumulative respiration results during 60 day processing first phase with a slow down of microbial activity (20 days) and further phases with improved respiration Sardinia 2015

  21. Results: SEM analysis LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE UFV T0 UFV B Analysis SEMQuant results Sardinia 2015

  22. Results:XRD analysis LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE The main crystallographic phases from XRD patterns are: Calcite, silica and struvite at final times XRD for IT-SAMPLES UFVB-5050-3 T60 amorphous contributes around 20 Sardinia 2015

  23. Main crystallographic phases LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Struvite presence after 40 days (NH4)MgPO4·6(H2O) Struvite is NP fertiliser N-slow release Sardinia 2015

  24. Product Monitoring by HSI LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Prediction of solubleNitrogen (Italiansamples) Sardinia 2015

  25. Conclusion LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE HQ-ORBPs show: • a high organic content, basis for: • increasing available water capacity, • improving plants’ nutrients supplies, • restoring the soil structure, • minimizing risk of soil erosion. • different stability degree of soil organic matter is fundamental also for microorganism life, optimization of enzymatic yield • both macronutrients and essential elements, providing complex fertilizers • absolute salinity values close to the range 2-4 mS/cm, between moderate and low salinity Hyperspectral imaging was successfully applied, verifying the possibility to follow the curing process of the innovative fertilizer through a fast and nondestructive technique. Recipe UFVB applied to pilot plant and then to crop harvesting in field test. Ratio 50:50 Sardinia 2015

  26. Conclusion LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE • A reduction of N soluble from t= 40 days, without reduction of N content can be correlated to less mobile form, e.g. crystallization. • Also activity, connected to C cycle, decrease after 40 days, may be with formation of molecules more stable and less digestible, less olfactive impact • The “prevention mechanisms” could be based on struvite H16MgNO10P (NH4)MgPO4·6(H2O)) formation. Struvite being a Nitrogen and Phosphorus sink. • The aim of the project is to obtain a unique HQ fertilizer with action on • Soil (structural action also to prevent desertification, Southern Europe) • Plants (nutrients) • The final HQ-fertiliser quality can be connected with the presence of organic matter, macro and essential plant-available secondary and micronutrients, towards the “micronutrient-fortified fertiliser” concept Sardinia 2015

  27. Further step LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Italy Lab scale HQ-Fertiliser production Pilot scale HQ-Fertiliser production Recipe! 50:50:10 Recipe! 60:40:10 in Spain Sardinia 2015

  28. Further Step LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE In the next months RESAFE LIFE Project will show the efficiency of these new fertilizers on soil quality, crop productivity and plant yield. Different field tests will be performed in the different countries on the following crops: • Wheat • Corn • Potato • Tomato • Melon Sardinia 2015

  29. Innovative fertilizer from urban waste, bio-charand farm residues as substitute of chemical fertilizers LIFE12 ENV/IT/356 RESAFE Thank you for your attention! • Alice Dall’Ara ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development SSTP-PROMAS-TEMAF Material Technologies Faenza Via Ravegnana, 186 48018 Faenza, Italy e-mail: alice.dallara@enea.it Sardinia 2015

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