Scientific Revolution & Age of Enlightenment

1. Scientific Revolution & Age of Enlightenment

2. Interview Assignment RUBRIC (worth 30 points): • Group participation/Questions/Presentation* (15) • Individual Summation (15). Write a ONE page essay (single-spaced, Times, 12point font) using ideas from one or more other philosophers. You must give proof the ideas were used by Thomas Jefferson by citing specific text (wording) references from either TheDeclaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and/or The Bill of Rights. *Jefferson Group: takes bullet point notes during interviews, asks questions well and connect ideas to your writings. Also do your own summary. Due Wednesday, May 16th.

3. Question guidelines: • See specific question words later in the power point (examples: identify, show, describe, define, contrast, defend, give opinion) • Be sure to phrase the question so you can give specific information/details about your idea(s). (To prepare, know a specific text or wording from Thomas Jefferson’s documents, or Declaration of Independence, The Constitution, the Bill of Rights that connects or sounds like your philosopher’s ideas)

4. Age of Enlightenment Philosophers 1 • Rousseau (period b): • Social contract governed by general will (Constitution: Federal Government) • Liberty rights, rights to property • Emotions and well as reason important • by general will – Federal Government • Liberty rights includes rights property • Emotions and well as reason important • Rousseau (period e): • Society should be ruled by general will (Federal Government) • Education should foster not restrict children’s natural instincts. • Women should be educated for their nurturing skills. (Equality) • Emotions and reason are important to human development. Balance between heart/mind emotions • Voltaire (period(b): Writer, criticizes Christianity, fights against religious intolerance • All men are brothers under God – (DOI: “All men are created equal”) • Reason, Natural Law • God created the Universe • Freedom of religion (First Amendment, Bill of Rights) • Voltaire (period(e): • Believed in religious tolerance (Bill of Rights) and all men are brothers under God (All men are created equal)

5. Age of Enlightenment Philosophers 2 • Hobbes (period b): • Writer, English philosopher. Wrote Leviathan • Organized society is good - otherwise people would be angry all the time • Thinker with wide ranging ideas, thinks outside of the box • Absolute power is needed to preserve order in society • With absolute power, people would live happier, nicer and longer. • Hobbes (period e): • Absolute power is necessary to preserve order. • Before organized society, human life was solitary for nasty prudish short • Montesquieu (period b): • Scientific method (if you don’t know this, look it up) • Defined types of government: Republic • Despotism, Monarchies • 3 branches of government: Executive, Legislative, Judicial • Checks and balances • No absolute power • Montesquieu (period e): • Spirit of Laws • 3 types of governments: Republics (America), Despotism (Hitler), Monarchies (British) • Executive, Legislative, Judicial Branches (U.S. Constitution) • Formed separation of powers and checks and balances. (Constitution)

6. Age of Enlightenment Philosophers 3 • Locke (period b): • Limited government • Due process (Bill of Rights: right to fair trial, right to attorney, right to know why you’re being arrested) • Liberty of individuals • Freedom of religion speech • Natural law • Locke (period e): • Treatises of Government • Argued against absolute rule of one person (power by the people) • People lived in state of equality and freedom (all men are created equal and religious tolerance, Bill of Rights 1st amendment) • Natural rights, life, liberty, property (Declaration of Independence, “inalienable rights life liberty and the pursuit of happiness”) • Problems existed in state of nature

7. Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution Some of the terms listed below were discussed in class. You should learn who or what they are from the textbook: (Chapter 17 & part of 14), and know why their importance in the Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution for the exam this coming week. Some of the Concepts/Terms from the textbook: Absolutism, Divine Right, King Louis IV, Sun King,Versailles, Frederick II (Prussia) Enlightened Absolutism, Emperor Maria Theresa (Austria Hungarian Empire), Russian Tsars Peter the Great, Catherine the Great. Copernicus, heliocentric, Galileo, Scientific Method, Adam Smith, Frances Bacon, Diderot, Enclyclopedia, Isaac Newton, Kepler, Philosophe, Hobbes, Leviathan, Mozart, Voltaire, Descartes, Cavendish, Rousseau, Wollstonecraft, Montesquieu, John Locke, Age of Reason, rationalism, Natural Law, Johannes Sebastian Bach, Britain’s “Glorious revolution,” William & Mary, British Bill of Rights.

8. Deeper Questioning ideas for the interviews assignment: • Factual: Requires specific information. • Identify, label, define, describe, show, state, select • Who, what, where, when • Analytical: Requires a way to look at details, compare or see relationships. • Correlate, deduce, discriminate, distinguish, categorize, classify, compare, contrast • Why, how • Evaluative: Requires an opinion. • Perceive, select, value, prove, justify, influence, judge, evaluate critique, decide, defend, and give opinion.