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Religion. most were polytheistic temples worship ceremonies, usually involving crop or animal sacrifice. Job Specialization. people become experts in certain trades Artisans and craftsmen needed to maintain city infrastructure potters , masons, metalworkers, carvers, scribes. Writing.
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Religion • most were polytheistic • temples • worship ceremonies, usually involving crop or animal sacrifice
Job Specialization • people become experts in certain trades • Artisans and craftsmen needed to maintain city infrastructure • potters, masons, metalworkers, carvers, scribes
Writing • Evolved out of a need to keep records • Logographic-Use symbols to represent entire words.
Art and Architecture • Express beliefs and values of a civilization • Used to show beauty of a society or power of a ruler.
Organized Central Government • Evolved out of a need to maintain and expand the food supply, maintain order, and provide for defense. • Rulers often are also religious figures
Social Classes • hierarchy of status in society • Priests and rulers on top • merchants and artisans in the middle • farmers and slaves on the bottom
Public Works • projects meant to benefit the city or “public” • Ordered by ruler, built using taxes and often forced labor • irrigation canals, defensive walls, roads, baths