A Journey Through the Human Body

1. A Journey Through the Human Body WHS Science

3. Nutrients Biology: The Everyday Experience. Glencoe, p. 184 .

4. In pairs, match the following.. • Esophagus • Peristalsis • Gall Bladder • Liver • HCl • Large Intestine ___ Produces Bile ___ Stores Bile ___ Site of water absorption ___ Found in your stomach ___ Muscle contractions ___Connects mouth to stomach

5. Nutrients then go to….

6. Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein

10. From the circulatory system, the nutrients and oxygen can go to either…. • Reproductive system • Musculoskeletal system • Excretory system

11. Cell Division and Reproduction Meiosis is a process of cell division of the reproductive cells, in organisms that reproduce sexually, to produce (gametes) sex cells containing only half the number of chromosomes (haploid cells). How is this different from mitosis? In Mitosis cells reproduce themselves by cell division to produce more skin cells or muscle cells or whatever cells. These types of cells are called Somatic cells. When these cells divide, each of the daughter cells has the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell and is identical to it. Meiosis involves two cell divisions that produce four haploid cells. Mitosis vs Meiosis Somatic cellsReproductive cells MitosisMeiosis Diploid chromosome Meiosis 1 1st division Haploid Meiosis 2 2nd division 46 46 46 46 23 23 23 23 23 23

12. The total number of chromosomes in a human body cell (somatic cell) is 46. Each parent gives you the same amount of genetic information – a set of 23 chromosomes in a sex cell. Human body cells (somatic cells) are diploid – a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes. Gametes (sex cells) are haploid – contain one complete set of chromosomes. Chromosomes that are similar in shape, length and gene arrangement are called homologous chromosomes. They carry genes for the same traits, in the same position on the chromosome. One is from the mother and one is from the father. How these genes interact determines your appearance etc. During the early part of meiosis, homologous chromosomes come together and crossing over can occur. Here segments carrying genes for the same traits cross over and exchange segments of DNA.

13. Male Reproductive Organs

14. In pairs, label the diagram below, and match the definitions in #2 to their structures C B D D F A D B

16. Urinary System Kidneys Ureter Bladder Urethra

17. Musculoskeletal

18. Four Main jobs of a Bone: • To protect your body and give it shape. • To protect your internal organs. • To provide a scaffolding for your muscles, allowing you to move. • To store minerals and make blood cells.

20. Task 1. Athletes who eat properly wonder whether there are food products that could help them in their sport. There are special products on the market such as energy bars, energy gels and recovery bars. Depending on their nature, these products are designed to be used at different times throughout a competition. They also differ in terms of their nutritional composition. Analyze the nutrition facts (composition and quantities) found on different labels, and then match each label with the corresponding product (energy bar, energy gel or recovery bar). Name each of the nutrients in each product and explain how it benefits athletes.

21. Task 2. For a sprinter, the starting signal is very important because the outcome of a race is decided by hundredths of a second. The sprinter's senses must therefore be razor sharp. A prototype starter pistol combining a light signal and a sound signal is being tested in an attempt to find a way of ensuring that the start of the race is fair for all athletes. How does a sprinter perceive each of these signals and how will they be transmitted to his/her muscles? What is the difference between these two types of waves?

22. THE END