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Chapter 12 Enterprise Computing

Chapter 12 Enterprise Computing. Chapter 12 Objectives. Next. Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation. Describe the major types of e-commerce. Discuss the computer hardware needs and solutions for an enterprise.

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Chapter 12 Enterprise Computing

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  1. Chapter 12 Enterprise Computing

  2. Chapter 12 Objectives Next Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation Describe the major types of e-commerce Discuss the computer hardware needs and solutions for an enterprise Identify information systems used in the functional units of an enterprise Determine why computer backup is important and how it is accomplished List general purpose and integrated information systems used throughout an enterprise Discuss the steps in a disaster recovery plan List types of technologies used throughout an enterprise

  3. What is Enterprise Computing? Next • What is an enterprise? Large organization such as multinational corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or government organization Requires special computing solutions because of its size Enterprise computing—use of computers in networks that encompass variety of operating systems, protocols, and network architectures p. 452

  4. What is Enterprise Computing? Next • How does information flow within an enterprise? • Enterprise manages large amounts of information over an extensive geographical area and disparate groups of people p. 452 - 453 Fig. 12-1

  5. What is Enterprise Computing? Next • How are enterprises organized? • Most are organized in a hierarchy p. 454 Fig. 12-2

  6. What is Enterprise Computing? Next • What are the four categories of users? Executive managementstrategic decisions Middle managementtactical decisions Operational managementoperational decisions Nonmanagement employeeson-the-job decisions p. 455 Fig. 12-3

  7. What is Enterprise Computing? Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Business Process Management below Chapter 12 Next • What is enterprise information? Information gathered in ongoing operations of enterprise Collected, combined, and analyzed over time Allows managers to make better decisions p. 456

  8. What is Enterprise Computing? 1. Planningobjectivesstrategiestactics 2. Organizingmoneypeoplemanagement structure 3. Leadingcommunicationsinstructionsmotivation 4. Controllingperformancemeasurementcorrective action Next • What are the four management activities? p. 456

  9. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is an information system? • Set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information • Procedures are instructions users follow to accomplish activities p. 456 - 457 Fig. 12-4

  10. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is a functional unit? • Individual operating entity, which can include departments, centers, and divisions AccountingandFinance HumanResources(HR) Engineering or Product Development Manufacturing Marketing Sales Distribution Customer Service InformationTechnology p. 456 - 457

  11. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What are the functions of accounting and finance systems? p. 458 Fig. 12-6

  12. Information Systems in the Enterprise Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Employee Relationship Management below Chapter 12 Next • What is a human resources information system (HRIS)? • Manages human resources functions • Employee relationship management (ERM) system facilitates communication with employees p. 458 - 459 Fig. 12-7

  13. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is computer-aided design (CAD)? • Uses special software to aid in product design • Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs p. 459

  14. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)? • Use of computers to control production equipment • Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)integrates operations of manufacturing process p. 459 Fig. 12-8

  15. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)? Uses software to monitor and control production processes Focuses on inventory of parts p. 459

  16. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is a marketing information system? • Central repository for marketing tasks • Market research software analyzes data gathered from surveys p. 460

  17. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What issales force automation (SFA) software? • Tools for traveling salespeople • Runs on PDAs or notebook computers p. 460 Fig. 12-9

  18. Information Systems in the Enterprise Provide forecasting for inventory control, and manage and track shipping of products Provide information and analysis on inventory Next • What are distribution systems? p. 460

  19. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is customer interaction management (CIM)software? • Manages interactions with customers • Telephone calls • E-mail • Web interactions • Instant Messaging sessions p. 460

  20. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is the information technology department? • Makes technology decisions for the enterprise • Many companies elevate the importance of information technology by including a chief information officer (CIO) p. 461

  21. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is an office information system (OIS)? Enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices instead of manually Sometimes calledoffice automation Users create graphics and documents, send messages, schedule appointments, browse the Web, and publish Web pages p. 461

  22. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is a transaction processing system (TPS)? • Captures and processes data from day-to-day transactions • Transaction—individual business activity p. 461 - 462 Fig. 12-10

  23. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is a management information system (MIS)? • Generates accurate, timely, and organized information so managers can track progress and make decisions p. 462 Fig. 12-11

  24. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is a decision support system (DSS)? • Helps users analyze data and make decisions • Uses data from internal and external sources, as needed • Executive information system (EIS) supports needs of executive management p. 463 Fig. 12-12

  25. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is an expert system? Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making Consists of two components knowledge base—combined subject knowledge and experiences of human experts inference rules—set of logical judgments applied to the knowledge base p. 464

  26. Information Systems in the Enterprise Step 1.A user selects his or her gender Step 2.Select the location on the body where the problem is being experienced Step 3.Select the type of pain. Step 5.Review the possible diagnosis. Step 4.Select other information about the problem. Next • What is an example of an expert system? p. 464 Fig. 12-13

  27. Information Systems in the Enterprise Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Enterprise Resource Planning below Chapter 12 Next • What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)? • Provides software applications to coordinate activities of functional units p. 465 Fig. 12-14

  28. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is a customer relationship management (CRM)system? Manages information about customers, interactions with customers, past purchases, and interests p. 466

  29. Information Systems in the Enterprise Next • What is a content management system (CMS)? • Combination of databases, software, and procedures • Organizes and allows access to documents and other files p. 466 Fig. 12-15

  30. Enterprise-Wide Technologies Next • What is a portal? • Collection of links, content, and services presented on Web page • Designed to guide users to information they are likely to find interesting for a particular job function p. 467 Fig. 12-16

  31. Enterprise-Wide Technologies Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Data Warehouse below Chapter 12 Next • What is a data warehouse? • Huge database that stores data required to analyze historical and current transactions p. 468 Fig. 12-17

  32. Enterprise-Wide Technologies Next • What is an extranet? Portion of network that allows customers or suppliers to access parts of enterprise’s intranet Replaces or supplements existing EDI systems p. 469

  33. Enterprise-Wide Technologies Next • What are Web services? • Technologies that allow businesses to create products and B2B (business-to-business) interactions on Internet p. 469 Fig. 12-18

  34. Enterprise-Wide Technologies Next • What is a workflow? • Steps involved in completing project or business process • Workflow application is a program that tracks process from start to finish p. 469

  35. Enterprise-Wide Technologies Next • What is a virtual private network (VPN)? • Provides secure connection for user connecting to company network server using Internet p. 470 Fig. 12-19

  36. E-Commerce Next • What ise-retail? Retailers use Web to sell products and services Also callede-tail Merchant accountis account set up with credit card company so retailer can accept credit card payments from customers p. 470

  37. E-Commerce Next • What are online bankingand online trading? • Online banking allows users to pay bills and view their bank accounts and statements from their computers • Online trading allows users to invest without using broker, often with a lower transaction fee p. 472

  38. E-Commerce Next • What health-related information can you find on the Web? • Medical, fitness, nutrition, and exercise • Databases of doctors and dentists, chat rooms, online pharmacies p. 472

  39. E-Commerce Next • What entertainment, media, and travel services are on the Web? • Music, videos, news, sporting events, and games • Airline, hotel, and car reservations • Shopping bot—searches for best price on product or service p. 472 - 473 Fig. 12-21

  40. E-Commerce CLICK TO START Next Video: Surf the Web or Maui with World Wikia

  41. Enterprise Hardware Next • What is enterprise hardware? Allows large organizations to manage and store information and data One goal is to maintain high level of availability Availabilityhow often hardware is online p. 474

  42. Enterprise Hardware Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click RAIDbelow Chapter 12 Next • What is a RAID? • Redundant array of independent disks • Group of two or more integrated hard disks • More reliable than traditional hard disks p. 474 Fig. 12-22

  43. Enterprise Hardware Next • What is network attached storage (NAS)? • Server that provides storage to users and information systems • Storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed network that provides storage to other servers to which it is attached p. 474 - 475 Fig. 12-23

  44. Enterprise Hardware Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Fibre Channelbelow Chapter 12 Next • What is an enterprise storage system? • Strategy that focuses on storage availability, protection, organization, and backup • Uses combination of techniques p. 476 Fig. 12-24

  45. Enterprise Hardware Next • What is a blade server? • Sometimes called ultradense server • Complete server on single card, or blade, rather than system unit • Saves space, requires less maintenance, uses less energy, generates less heat, and is easily replaced or upgraded • Blade server chassis holds many blades p. 477 Fig. 12-25

  46. Enterprise Hardware Next • What are high-availability systems? Availability (uptime) of at least 99 percent Often includes hot-swapping May include redundant components Hot-swappingallows components to be replaced while rest of system continues to perform tasks Redundant componenttakes over task of similar component that fails p. 477

  47. Enterprise Hardware Next • What are scalability and interoperability? Scalabilityis measure of how well computer hardware system, software application, or information system can grow to meet increasing needs Interoperabilityis ability to share information with other information systems within enterprise Adding hardware is often easiest method to grow System that shares information easily is said to be open p. 477 - 478

  48. Backup Procedures and Security Next • What are the four types of backups? Full Backup Differential Backup Incremental Backup Selective Backup p. 478

  49. Backup Procedures and Security Backup planhow backup files and equipment would be used to resume information processing Emergency plansteps to be taken immediately after disaster Recovery planactions to be taken to restore full information processing operations Test plansimulates various levels of disasters and records ability to recover Next • What is a disaster recovery plan? • Written plan for restoring computer operations in event of disaster p. 479

  50. Summary of Enterprise Computing Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized organization Requirements for enterprise hardware including high-availability, scalability, and interoperability E-retailing and types of businesses that use e-commerce Backup procedures present in a large organization Complex hardware including SANs, RAID, and blade servers Chapter 12 Complete

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