1 / 21

Enterprise Computing

Enterprise Computing. Lecture 5. In this lecture. Describe information requirements of organisations Describe typical organisations in terms of structure, function and perspective Identify information systems used in the functional units of an enterprise

verlee
Download Presentation

Enterprise Computing

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Enterprise Computing Lecture 5

  2. In this lecture... • Describe information requirements of organisations • Describe typical organisations in terms of structure, function and perspective • Identify information systems used in the functional units of an enterprise • Describe how information systems assist organisations in achieving business objectives Refer to chapter 14, Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat

  3. What is an enterprise? • An organisation • for profit • Public service - schools, hospitals, libraries etc • Government organisations and departments • Community service organisations • Scale is important - 'enterprise' usually implies larger organisations

  4. Enterprise computing • Computing information systems that assist the enterprise in achieving its objectives • Decision making • Research and development • Transaction record keeping • Customer and product tracking and servicing • Manufacturing/production • Administration and communication • Both within and outside the enterprise • Local, national, world-wide

  5. Organisational structure • To understand how best to design information systems for an enterprise, it helps to understand organisational structure • Note that there are many different structures, this lecture presents the mainstream, typical structure found in "Western" business • Organisations can be viewed from many perspectives: • Organisation chart • Functional divisions • Management level

  6. Organisational chart

  7. Management levels Strategic Type of decision making Tactical Operational

  8. Types of decision • Strategic • Long-term • Aims • Tactical • Shorter range • Apply to specific situations • Are made to achieve strategic aims • Operational • Day-to-day • Support middle management Upper Management Middle Management Operational Management

  9. Strategic Highly summarised From across whole enterprise Tactical Summarised day/week/month Often function or department specific Operational Transaction recording Highly itemised Example - a supermarket A summary of the operation of the whole organisation Reports for the day/week in each area e.g. staffing, purchasing, fruit & vegetables departments The itemised information from the checkouts Different types of information

  10. Functional divisions • Accounting and Finance • Human Resources • Production • Marketing • Sales • Information Systems There is often overlap

  11. Information systems within functions • Accounting and Finance • Software for all level of management, from transactions to summaries and forecasts • Human Resources • Human Resources Information System (HRIS) • For larger organisations • Employee Relationship Management (ERM) system • Manages communication between employees and management

  12. Information systems within functions Production • Development • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Design, plan, models • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Test product designs • Project management software • Manufacturing • Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) • Control the manufacturing process

  13. CAD

  14. Example of CAM

  15. Information systems within functions Marketing Note that this is a web based application

  16. Information systems across functions • These are used across many divisions or functions within the company. This makes sharing and cooperating easier • Office Information Systems • Often involves an intranet • Used to automate general office functions • Usually includes word processing, spreadsheets etc

  17. Information systems across functions Transaction processing system • Captures and processes information from day-to-day business activities • Activity within the company (e.g. production) • Interaction activity e.g. sales, orders, suppliers

  18. Information systems across functions Decision Support Systems (DSS) • Can be a spreadsheet or a specialised application • Analyse data and make decisions • Usually allows testing - "what-if" • The example is a hand-held DSS for use with decisions related to chemical and gas pollution hazards

  19. Information systems across functions Expert Systems • Captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then… • Imitates human reasoning and decision making • Examples • Everyday business decisions • Legal decisions • Medical diagnosis http://www.myelectronicmd.com/step2.php

  20. Integrated Information Systems • Two examples • Customer Relationship Management (CRM) • Customer information • Interactions with customers • Past purchases, preferences • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) • Centralised, integrated software that helps manage and coordinate activities across the whole organisation, at all levels and in all functions • See diagram next slide

  21. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) HR Customer Support Accounting/Finance Sales Marketing and more

More Related