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1. © Michael Lacewing Mental causation Michael Lacewing
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2. Mental causation Causation requires things to ‘happen’.
‘Things happening’ are events. A cause and its effect are both events, changes at a time (or over time) in the properties of objects.
Like picking up the remote control
3. Substance dualism If the mind is just thought, not in space, and matter is just extension, in space, how could one possibly causally affect the other?
Perhaps causation is not ‘contact’, but ‘regular succession’, e.g. kick me and I will feel pain, and when I feel pain, I cry out.
Hume thought that we needed to find a causal law, but it is very difficult to find laws involving mental states and events.
4. Causal laws If causation requires laws, and we can’t find any for mental events, this is a problem for any theory of mind, not just dualism.
Materialists might say that mental events are just events in the brain; and there are physical laws involving those.
5. Picturing the problem