Chapter 7: The Challenge of Christendom:Church and Empire in Tension

1. Chapter 7: The Challenge of Christendom:Church and Empire in Tension Pages 125-145

2. 5 major concepts: #1 • Two English Sources of Light: • Benedictine monks Boniface and Bede Boniface>conversions Boniface>crowning a king foreshadows church/state entanglements. • Bede> stays in one monastery> study, teaching, writing.

3. Church and State entangled:#2 • Papal States!> must be protected! Pushes church into political and worldly affairs • Charlemagne> crowned by a pope! >Holy Roman Emperor> Helps but also controls the church

4. A Feudal Way of Life: #3 • Ineffective leaders and the death of Charlemagne leaves a splintered empire, • A new way of life! > Feudalism, a political system based on land ownership. Order, protection. • Monasteries had vast land holdings.

5. Other Peoples Turn Christian • Vikings have invaded and now settle in Europe. Intermarriages, treaties, missionaries lead to conversions among the Vikings • Brothers and missionaries in the East: Cyril and Methodius.

6. #5 Royal Pains for the Church: • Civil interference in church affairs and corruption among church officials. • Lay leaders appointing Church leaders! • Buying and Selling of Church positions! • German emperors control the Papacy! • Hope comes from the monks at Cluny!

7. The High Middle Ages 1000-1300 The age of Christendom. The Catholic Church and European Society were One…

8. Chapter 8: the High Middle Ages:5 concepts: • # 1 A New World in the Making. • #2 Church Institutions Flourish. • #3 A Church Divided, Zeal Misguided • #4 Heresy and Inquisition. • #5 Mendicant Friars.

9. #1 A New World in the Making • The rise of cities! • More food produced by methods developed by monasteries. • More food> more people> towns grow. • Cathedrals draw more people to towns • England, France power in kings.

10. #2 Church Institutions Flourish • Strong papacy • Forbids lay investiture • Excommunicates an emperor • Establishes the college of cardinals • Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals • Rise of universities

11. #3 A Church Divided, Zeal Misguided • 1054 official split between the Eastern and Western churches. • The crusades are launched by Pope Urban II> hope to regain the Holy Land from the Saracen Muslims> 1096 • Crusades degenerate into military and moral failure.

12. #4 Heresy and Inquisition • Albigensian heresy> all material things are evil> arises out of church materialism and corruption • Heresy seen as religious error and political treason. • Inquisition>”inquiry”. Civil trial until 1150> Guilty handed over to civil authorities for punishment. • Papal Inquisition>1232> run from Rome, systematic

13. #5 Mendicant Friars • Mendicant > “begging” orders renewed the Gospel spirit of poverty and simplicity within the church. • Dominic de Guzman founder of the Order of Preachers>Dominicans> scholars,teachers

14. St. Dominic • Dominic de Guzman Pope Honorius III Wrote: “Let those invincible Athletes of Christ, armed With the shield of faith And the helmet of Salvation,continue ever,in season and out of season, despite all hindrances and every tribulation to preach the divine word.”

15. St. Francis • 1182-1226 • Wealthy • At 20 renounces all worldly goods • Wanders, preaches • Cares for the poor. • Loved nature and saw the creator in creation.

16. St. Francis • He called His followers “Friars Minor” St. Clare, Followed in his footsteps. “Poor Clares”

17. Mt 10: 7-10 • And as you go, proclaim that the kingdom of God is close at hand. Cure the sick, raise the dead, cleanse the lepers, cast out devils. You received without charge, give without charge. Provide yourselves with no gold or silver, not even with a few coppers for your purses, with no haversack for the journey or spare tunic or footwear or staff, for the workman deserves his keep

18. St. Francis • Having read MT 10:7-10 • Do you admire Francis’s devotion to absolute poverty Why or why not? • Is it practical today? Explain • What can we learn from Francis?

19. Rise of the Medieval Papacy • 2 reasons for Christianity’s influence on the Middle Ages. • Strong papacy that provided leadership • A sense of unity in the area we call Europe.

20. Map • Where’s The H.R.E.? • Where are the Papal states? • Where is Rome? • Where is Constantinople?

21. The Political scene • Charlemagne crowned by Leo III at Christmas mass in the year 800. • Hope was born that Charlemagne would unite the Western part of the old empire and work closely with the church. • Notice: It was the Church in the person of Pope Leo III who gave the power to rule the State, in the person of Charlemagne

22. A Brighter Day? • Christianity had arrived and a New empire was established where the old one once stood. • From Roman Empire to HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE And Charlemagne,a Christian, is the emperor.

23. Conversion by the sword • In one day Charlemagne put to death 4,500 Saxons who resisted being baptized. Forced conversions were Used to unify empires

24. The Saxon conversion After defeat the remaining warriors were baptized. Missionaries were Later sent to explain The faith

25. Pluses and Minuses +,-,+,-,+,- • Charlemagne emphasized education • Appoints priests, monks,bishops to positions in government • The best teachers came to his palace school • Encouraged Benedictine monasteries

26. + and -’s • Charlem. Directs the church’s activities, appointing bishops, sending them around the empire. • Promotes Latin liturgy as in Rome • Latin = language of educated people • Will unify liturgical practice.

27. Ashes to ashes,dust to dust • Charlemagne’s empire is not long lived. • After his death the empire is divided among his grandsons. • Centuries later these territories become known as France and Germany.

28. Darkness descends • There were new barbarian invasions • Vikings raided England • The Moslems renewed their attacks, even making a successful raid on Rome. • Out of this chaos developed a new political system, FEUDALISM

30. The Church and Feudalism • The church was closely tied with Feudalism because of the lands it owned. • Bishops became more involved in the daily running of the land • This made them more like secular rulers rather than spiritual leaders.

31. Power and Problems in the Papacy • Lay Investiture: Secular leaders appoint church leaders. • Simony: The selling of Church positions to the highest bidder.