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EGYPT. Nadzak. READ-ALOUD!. Get out your AGENDA!. Bring in WHITE t-shirt or white sheet! Need fabric paint & fabric glitter paint for WOW points! ECHALK HOMEWORK due Thursday! Get PROGRESS REPORTS SIGNED!. START HERE. Did you know Egyptians ate their kids!!??.
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EGYPT Nadzak
Get out your AGENDA!
Bring in WHITE t-shirt or white sheet! Need fabric paint & fabric glitter paint for WOW points! ECHALK HOMEWORK due Thursday! Get PROGRESS REPORTS SIGNED!
For what is Egypt famous? Pharaohs Mummies Pyramids Tombs Deserts & sand The Nile River
Where is Egypt? • In continent of Africa • The River Nile runs through it • The capital is Cairo
Upper and Lower Egypt • Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions: Upper and Lower Egypt. • Lower (northern) Egypt consisted of the Nile River’s delta made by the river as it empties into the Mediterranean. • Upper (southern) Egypt was the long, narrow strip of ancient Egypt located south of the Delta.
Nubia • Land to the south of Egypt between the Nile’s first and sixth cataracts • Cataracts are steep descents of the water of a river, usually making navigation difficult or impossible • Lacked Egypt’s broad floodplain and therefore was less able to agriculturally support a large population
long, narrow strip of ancient Egypt located south of the Delta.
Nile River’s delta made by the river as it empties into the Mediterranean
Characteristics of a Civilization • Intensive agricultural techniques • Specialization of labor • Cities • A social hierarchy • Organized religion and education • Development of complex forms of economic exchange • Development of new technologies • Advanced development of the arts. • Writing
Agriculture The Nile River Basin: A Ribbon of Green
Agriculture • Egypt = the “Gift of the Nile” • Egyptians took advantage of the Nile’s annual floods to become an especially productive agricultural region • After the floods receded in late summer, cultivators could go into the floodplains and sow their seeds without extensive preparation of the soil Nile River Delta
rivers agriculture populations cities specialization hierarchy Agriculture • Expanded agriculture led to expanded populations and demand for increased production • Cultivators moved beyond the Nile’s immediate floodplains building dikes to protect their fields from floods and catchment basins to store water for irrigation
Shaduf • To lift water from the canal Egyptians used a shaduf, a large pole balanced on a crossbeam with a rope and bucket on one end and a heavy counter weight at the other. • When the rope was pulled, the bucket would be lowered into the canal. • The counterweight would raise the bucket. • The farmer would then carry the bucket to the field and water it.
How do we know the Scarab beetle was important to Egyptians?
Specialization Brewing and Breadmaking Plowing and Sowing Sailing Harvesting papyrus and Herding
Specialization • Nile societies were much slower than their Mesopotamian counterparts to adopt metal tools and weapons • Did develop pottery, textile manufacture, woodworking, leather production, stonecutting, and masonry occupations Egyptian pottery makers
Specialization • Building a pyramid would require • Laborers • Architects • Engineers • Craftsmen • Artists
Cities • Relatively few cities and high administrative centralization • Memphis • Founded by Menes around 3100 BC as capital of a united Upper and Lower Egypt • Located at the head of the Nile River Delta • Thebes • Administrative center of Upper Egypt • Seat of worship for Amon