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ATP

ATP. The Energy Currency of Living Organisms. Objectives. Understand the molecule ATP. Expected outcome. Describe the structure of ATP Explain how ATP is broken down and synthesised Explain why ATP is known as the universal energy currency. Why do organisms need energy?.

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ATP

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  1. ATP The Energy Currency of Living Organisms

  2. Objectives • Understand the molecule ATP

  3. Expected outcome • Describe the structure of ATP • Explain how ATP is broken down and synthesised • Explain why ATP is known as the universal energy currency

  4. Why do organisms need energy?

  5. Why do organisms need energy? Metabolism- chemical reactions Active transport- moving ions and molecules against a concentration gradient Movement- within an organism and locomotion Cell division- division, maintenance and repair of organelles Synthesis of molecules- e.g. enzymes and hormones Maintaining body temperature- in birds and mammals (endotherms), replacing heat lost to the environment.

  6. The energy comes from ATP • Adenosine Triphosphate • 3 components; • Adenine • Ribose • 3 Phosphate groups

  7. ATP Molecule

  8. How ATP produces energy • The breakdown of ATP releases the energy that living organisms require.

  9. 30Kj Pi Pi Pi ATP Breakdown Adenosine Hydrolysis Adenosine diphosphate ADP H2O

  10. Recycling ATP Energy Release to Cells Hydrolysis ATP ADP Pi Condensation Energy from respiration http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html

  11. Roles • Metabolism • Synthesis e.g. • Polysaccharides • Amino acids • DNA/RNA • Movement • Muscle contraction • Energy to allow muscle filaments to slide

  12. Roles • Active Transport • Changes the shape of carrier proteins • Secretion • Forms the lysosomes necessary for exocytosis • Chemical Reactions • A phosphate molecule from ATP can be transferred to another molecule • Makes it more reactive • Lowers activation energy

  13. The Universal Energy Currency • ATP is a universal energy currency • What does this mean? • What is the significance?

  14. The Universal Energy Currency • What does this mean? • Common intermediate in many reactions • Links energy requiring and energy producing reactions • What is the significance? • It is universal with all living things • Easily participates in many reactions • Drives most biological processes • One molecule can be synthesised and perform a large number of jobs • Only one system is used to deliver to many reactions

  15. Homework • 1. Create a poster on A4 paper to advertise ATP- your new “energy” currency • Include: • A description of the molecule • An explanation of how it works • The advantageous features of the molecule • You will also gain marks for creativity and organisation • 2. Background reading for next lesson: glycolysis • http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookGlyc.html#Glycolysis

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