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U.S. History Chapter 26 Section 3 The Korean War

U.S. History Chapter 26 Section 3 The Korean War . Essential Question : Why did events in Asia and Europe dominate U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War period?. The Cold War Spreads – Asia . During WWII Japan occupies China.

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U.S. History Chapter 26 Section 3 The Korean War

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  1. U.S. History Chapter 26 Section 3 The Korean War Essential Question: Why did events in Asia and Europe dominate U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War period?

  2. The Cold War Spreads – Asia • During WWII Japan occupies China. • Two opposing groups stop a long civil war and fight together against the Japanese occupation. • Mao Zedong: Communists • Chiang Kai-Shek: Nationalists • What happens after WWII?

  3. Chinese Civil War • What country supports the Nationalists? United States • What country supports the Communists? Soviet Union Chiang Kai-Shek MaoZedong

  4. Chinese Civil War • U.S. plays peacemaker from 1944-1947 (still supports the Nationalists). • Truman would not commit U.S. soldiers to fight communism in China. • 1949 Communists defeat Nationalists. • Where do Chiang Kai-Shek and Nationalists flee to?

  5. American Reaction to Communist Take Over of China? • Communism is spreading! • Containment policy had failed. • Shouldn’t the U.S. contain Communism in Asia just as it had in Europe? • How does this make Truman look in dealing with Communism?

  6. Korea 38th Parallel? • Japan controls Korea from 1910 – 1945. • As WWII ends who do Japanese troops in the North of Korea surrender to? The Soviet Union • What about in the South of Korea? The United States • After these occupying troops leave who claims the right to rule all of Korea? Both North & South Claim the right to rule Korea

  7. 38th Parallel • After WWII U.S. & U.S.S.R. withdraw troops from Korea. • Line that divides Korea at 38 degrees north latitude. • Not intended as a permanent boundary. • North attacks South in 1950.

  8. The Korean War1950-1953 • U.N. Security council passes American resolution to help S. Korea. • Role of the Soviet Union? • 520,000 U.N. troops join the fight – 90% are American. • Who is at the command of these forces? General Douglas MacArthur

  9. The Korean War • Which side has the initial advantage? • N. Korea to quickly takes the city of Seoul. • MacArthur launches a counterattack with tanks and fresh troops from the U.S.

  10. U.S. troops land behind enemy lines at Inchon. Troops meet in the middle and surround North Koreans. • Macarthur becomes a hero to the American public. Goal is met , what next? Shift from defense to offense? Reunite Korea? Role of China?

  11. The China Syndrome • In late November 300,000 Chinese troops pour across the border into N. Korea. • U.N. forces must retreat back below 38th parallel. • For the next two years both sides fight to obtain strategic positions throughout Korea. • War turns into a bloody stalemate.

  12. MacArthur vs. Truman • MacArthur wants full scale war vs. China. • Use of nukes? • Truman disagrees. • MacArthur goes over the President to try and accomplish goals. • MacArthur talks to press and Republican leadership. • Truman will not tolerate this behavior. What happens? • How does the public respond? Gen. MacArthur President Truman

  13. Effects of Stalemate • Korean War ends in a stalemate • Lasting effects of the Korean War: • North Koreans pushed back. • Communism contained without a world war or the use of nukes. • Increased fear of Communist aggression across the world, especially within the U.S. • Korea is still divided. • 54,000 American lives lost, war costs $22 billion.

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