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Reporting category #2- Mechanisms of genetics

Reporting category #2- Mechanisms of genetics. Se 6- the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids & the principles of Mendelian Genetics. DNA. A with T C with G Deoxyribose sugar + Nitrogen base + Phosphate= Nucleotide. Chromosomes contain genes.

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Reporting category #2- Mechanisms of genetics

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  1. Reporting category #2- Mechanisms of genetics

  2. Se 6- the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids & the principles of Mendelian Genetics

  3. DNA A with T C with G Deoxyribose sugar + Nitrogen base + Phosphate= Nucleotide

  4. Chromosomes contain genes

  5. Chromosomes contain genes

  6. genetic code- determined by the order of the nitrogen bases

  7. DNA specifies traits Central dogma

  8. Sample question: Question #1: The sugar & phosphate portions of a DNA molecule function mainly to do which of the following? A. store & transmit information about an organism’s traits B. attract the units that are used to create new DNA molecules C. provide the structural support for the sequence of nitrogenous base pairs D. provide the energy that the molecule needs to carry out its function Question #2: DNA affects the organism’s traits by doing which of the following? A. directing the assembly of amino acids to form proteins B. determining which traits will be most beneficial to the organism C. establishing the rules by which all of the elements in the body will form compounds D. identifying which genetic material should be expressed& which material discarded

  9. The Genetic code is common to all organisms

  10. Sample question: Question #1: What do these three statements describe? I. Instructions for translating information into proteinsII. Alignment & sequence of genes on a chromosomeIII. Composed of nucleotide triplets A. protein synthesis B. the genetic code C. cell differentiation D. DNA fingerprinting

  11. Sample question: Question #2: Refer to the chart. The triplet codes found in this chart apply to: A. humans only. B. plants & animals. C. prokaryotes only. D. all living things.

  12. RNA Single strand U instead of T

  13. Animation link Transcription Video link DNA making RNA

  14. Animation link Translation Video link

  15. Sample question: Question #1: The diagram shows how a section of protein containing the amino acid sequence “QYWQ” is formed. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA section shown? A. 5'UCGGAUACUACU3‘ B. 5'CCACCACCACCA3‘ C. 5'ACUUCGGAUACU3‘ D. 5'CAGUAUUGGCAA3'

  16. Sample question: Question #2: The illustration shows the transcription process. What is the main purpose of the structure labeled W? A. carrying instructions for protein synthesis B. transforming into a protein C. replacing damaged DNA D. passing traits to offspring

  17. gene expression is a regulated process Animation link

  18. gene expression is a regulated process

  19. Sample question: Question #1: Every cell contains DNA. The main purpose of DNA is to store the cell’s genetic information. How does DNA control the cell? A. DNA activates nerve signals B. DNA protects the cell from invaders C. DNA speeds up chemical reactions D. DNA determines what proteins are made Question #2: The base sequence that remains after RNA splicing, & can be translated into a protein is a/an: A. exon. B. deletion. C. insertion. D. intron.

  20. MUTATION

  21. MUTATION= change in dna thecatatethefatrat

  22. MUTATION= change in a chromosome

  23. MUTATION & significance Beneficial or detrimental?

  24. Sample question: Question #1: A scientist is searching for a chemical that can alter the characteristics a pea plant will pass on to its offspring. The scientist needs a chemical that can affect pea plants in which way? A. by altering the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the plant’s DNA B. by reducing the total number of copies of the plant’s genetic material C. by changing the spiral shape of the plant’s DNA molecules to wheels or horseshoes D. by adding extra deoxyribose molecules to each strand of the plant’s genetic material

  25. Sample question: Question #2: Mutated DNA in somatic cells occurs frequently, but this modified DNA cannot be passed along to offspring because: A. modified DNA in somatic cells is recessive. B. offspring typically reject modified DNA. C. only gamete cells carry genetic material to offspring. D. offspring mutations happen only when somatic cells are diseased.

  26. Animation link

  27. heterozygous & HOMOZYGOUS

  28. Monohybrid cross

  29. dihybrid cross

  30. Unusual patterns of inheritance Incomplete dominance Codominance

  31. Nom-mendelian inheritance X-inactivation Extranuclear inheritance

  32. Sample question: Question #1: Look at the Punnett square shown below. In pea plants, having round peas (R) is dominant over wrinkled peas (r). Two plants with round (Rr) peas were crossed. If 4 offspring are produced, how many offspring are expected to have round peas? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

  33. Sample question: Question #2: Refer to the diagram. What are the genotypes of the parents in this cross? A. TTRr & ttRr B. TtRr & TtRr C. TTrr & TtRr D. TTRr & TtRr

  34. Video link MEIOSIS allows sexual reproduction Occurs in sex cells 4 cells result ½ # of chromosomes Crossing over + Independent assortment

  35. Sample question: Question #1: A rat has 42 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many chromosomes are in each gamete? A. 18 B. 21 C. 40 D. 42 Question #2: The diagram shows the process of meiosis. The chromosome separation that occurs during meiosis results in a: A. single fertilized egg cell. B. group of genetically identical cells. C. single sperm cell. D. reduction in the number of chromosomes per cell.

  36. How to study a genome Karyotype analysis lqvrdlmnqvtthequickababcmfxlqbrownfoxjulrvsmpedoverthelazyyyzplfdogjjiurttiythedoglayhhbeldquietlydreaminghwwiqldnsofdinnerplwosiucnd DNA fingerprinting Genome sequencing (can you find the hidden words?)

  37. How to study a genome Karyotype analysis lqvrdlmnqvtthequickababcmfxlqbrownfoxjulrvsmpedoverthelazyyyzplfdogjjiurttiythedoglayhhbeldquietlydreaminghwwiqldnsofdinnerplwosiucnd DNA fingerprinting Genome sequencing (did you find the hidden words?)

  38. Sample question: Question #1: Which of the following is an inappropriate place to gather information for a karyotype? A. a sex cell B. a skin cell C. a nerve cell D. a muscle cell Question #2: Most species have a standard karyotype. It is common, however, that there is a difference between males & females within a species. How does the human karyotype differ between males & females? A. males only have 45 chromosomes & females have 46 B. the sex chromosomes in males are XY & in females they are XX C. scientists cannot tell the difference but know there is one D. males have two satellites attached to their sex chromosomes

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