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SWIOFP: Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Indian Ocean Fisheries

Learn about sea turtle interactions with fisheries in the South West Indian Ocean and conservation efforts. This project focuses on identifying sea turtle 'hotspots', mapping migration routes, and proposing management measures to protect these endangered species. Findings include status updates, migration patterns, genetic structures, and fishing interactions. Discover the scientific aims and application goals of this regional initiative aimed at sustainable fisheries management.

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SWIOFP: Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Indian Ocean Fisheries

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  1. South West Indian Ocean Fishery Project (SWIOFP) Component 5 Mainstreaming biodiversity Maurice 4 – 7 August 2009 French Activity proposed to the 8 others countries of the SWIOFP Movement of sea turtle between nesting sites and feeding grounds in the South West Indian Ocean: regional migratory knowledge and interaction with open sea fisheries for management issues Jérôme BOURJEA IFREMER LA REUNION FRANCE

  2. South West Indian Ocean Fishery Project SWIOFP - Update • Funded by GEF-World Bank & FFEM (France) • Negotiation to implement this project started in 2000 • Composed of 6 components: • 1 : Data Gap Analysis, Data Archiving and Information Technology. • 2: Assessment and sustainable utilization of crustaceans • 3: Assessment and sustainable utilization of demersal fishes • 4: Assessment and sustainable utilization of pelagic fish • 5: Mainstreaming biodiversity in national and regional fisheries management • 6: Strengthening regional and national fisheries management. • Members : South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Comoros • Seychelles, Madagascar, Mauritius and La Réunion (France) • SWIOFP officially started in July 2008 SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  3. The component 5: mainstreaming biodiversity Regional coordinator of the component 5 : Mauritius French activity of the component 5 related to Sea Turtle interactions with open sea fisheries and Regional management Movement of sea turtle between nesting sites and feeding grounds in the South West Indian Ocean: regional migratory knowledge and interaction with open sea fisheries for management issues SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  4. State of the art of sea turtles statusin the SWIO Leatherback Status : Critically endangered Nesting site: South Africa Feeding ground: Open sea Loggerhead Status : Endangered Nesting site: South Africa Feeding ground: Open sea Olive Ridley Status : Vulnerable Nesting site : North IO Feeding ground: Open sea Hawksbill Status : Critically endangered Nesting site: Equatorial SWIO Feeding ground: costal SWIO Green Status : Endangered Nesting site: all SWIO Feeding ground: costal SWIO SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  5. State of the art of sea turtles statusin the SWIO Ex: Green turtle nesting sites > 10 000 < 50 Female per year SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  6. State of the art of sea turtles statusin the SWIO Ex: Green turtle feeding grounds SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  7. Glorieuses State of the art of sea turtles statusin the SWIO Ex: Green turtle migration pattern between nesting sites and sea grass beds SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  8. State of the art of sea turtles statusin the SWIO Ex: Green turtle genetic structure in the SWIO 2 distincts stocks (or more?) SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  9. Data available on open sea fishery activities in the SWIO Longliners – IOTC data Ex: Catches of swordfish by fleet Ex: October – November – December 5° Square effort (1000 hooks) for the Spanish, Taiwanese and Japanese longline fleet SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  10. Data availableOpen sea fisheries activity in the SWIO French Longliners – IFREMER data Ex: 2007 5° Square effort (nb hooks) for the La Réunion longline fleet SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  11. Open sea fisheries activity in the SWIO Oceanic Purse Seine – IOTC/IRD data Ex up: 2007 1°effort (nb sets) for the french purse seine fleet Ex up: 2002-2006 1°effort (nb sets) for the french purse seine fleet SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  12. Open sea fisheries interaction with sea turtles in the SWIO IOTC/IRD/IFREMER data Ex: Purse seine by catch of sea turtle by species Ex: French longline sea turtle by catches by species SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  13. Environment data available for the SWIO Ex: SST January February March April May June July August September October November December Ex: Monthly evolution of the Sea Surface temperature (SST) in the South West Indian Ocean for 2008 SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  14. SWIOFP Activity related to Sea Turtle interactions with open sea fisheries and Regional management Scientific aims of the project: 1/ Identification of sea turtle ‘Hotspots’ in the south west Indian Ocean and assessment of the main populations based on existing data 2/ Regional migration routes of the sea turtles 3/ Understanding migration behaviour of the sea turtles according to Environmental conditions (currents, SST…) and available genetic data (haplotypes frequencies and structure) 4/ Building a migratory map for those population in the WIO SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  15. SWIOFP Activity related to Sea Turtle interactions with open sea fisheries and Regional management • Application aims: • To set up a classification of risk’s areas for the species, • according to the interaction with the open sea fishing • activities (longline and pure seine) • To propose local and regional mitigate measures of • management for the sea turtles, according to • population abundance and migratory behaviour, • which can be compatible with the local lasting • development, as the eco-tourism • - To contribute to the Marine Turtle Task Force (MTTF) • in the creation ofa reliable research and • application network dedicated to sea turtles, SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  16. Mains gaps of the project 1/ Lack in a reliable assessment of the currents status of sea turtle in some countries of the SWIO (Nesting sites abundance, feeding grounds…) 2/ Lack of knowledge origine of the turtle nesting in the other countries of the SWIO 3/ Few by-catch assessment available for some area This project is an opportunity to fill in some of these gaps gathering all countries in a same regional project SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  17. HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20-22 October 2008

  18. HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? 1/ Based on the sea turtle biology, ecology and population assessment in all the SWOI = compilation of data available 2/ Based on Satellite tags deployed in nesting sites (Female) and at sea (immature/adult by-catch) 3/ Effort, catches and CPUE data of open sea fisheries (IOTC database on pure seine and longline 5°x5°) 4/ environmental and oceanic data (CLS, NOAA: SST, Currents, altimetry, chlorophyll) 5/ local knowledge on by-catch rate in open sea fisheries SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  19. HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? Maximum of satellite tracks + Biological/abundance/repartition data/ species + Oceanographic data + Open sea fishing Data + Known data on by catch in the area Probabilistic model (in development by australia) Risk map of interaction of open sea fisheries and sea turtles in the SWIO / Mozambique Channel Application of the model in other areas WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20-22 October 2008

  20. WHERE? POST NESTING France SWIOFP WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20-22 October 2008

  21. WHERE? 12 Post Nesting of green From Glorieuses, June 2008 WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20-22 October 2008

  22. WHERE? POST NESTING France SWIOFP OPEN SEA STAGES Longline release Purse seine release? WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20-22 October 2008

  23. WHERE? Release of a loggerhead By caught by a longliner, October 2008 WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20-22 October 2008

  24. SWIOFP Gap analysis Aug 2009 : SWIOFP workshop component 5 Field time Data Analysis Time Schedule July 2008 : Start of SWIOFP/ Turtle project French project Preparation of field trip Target species identification Maturity stage Sites and number of PTT Collecting past tracks Oct 2009 TRAINING Field time Fixing PTT Tracking Collecting others data July 2011 Data analysis Testing the model Adapting the model Validating the model July 2012 SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  25. THANK YOU SWIOFP C5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

  26. ANNEXE: SPATIAL MODEL OF INTERACTION Calculates the spatial distribution of turtle open sea effort and open sea fishing effort Overlap index creates a risk to capture in every 5° grid box Combination of overlap index with data on actual bycatch rates can be used to create an entire SWIO bycatch map. Based on spatial distribution of sea turtle open sea effort, the incidental mortalities can be attributed to individual populations and these data incorporated into a population viability analysis (PVA) if desired. This will determine the most at risk populations based on current levels of fishing and mortality tells us where best to direct mitigation strategies WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20-22 October 2008

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