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David Cohen ANSTO, Australia

Fine Particle Characterisation and Source Apportionment in Manila and Hanoi from 2001-2005 Using Nuclear Techniques. David Cohen ANSTO, Australia. Nuclear Method for Fine Particle Characterisation. This talk will discuss:- Ion Beam Techniques- what are they?

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David Cohen ANSTO, Australia

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  1. Fine Particle Characterisation and Source Apportionment in Manila and Hanoi from 2001-2005 Using Nuclear Techniques David Cohen ANSTO, Australia

  2. Nuclear Method for Fine Particle Characterisation • This talk will discuss:- • Ion Beam Techniques- what are they? • PMF methods for source apportionment • Fine particle (PM2.5) masses/ sources in Manila and Hanoi during 2001-05. • Further info can be found at our WEB site • http://www.ansto.gov.au/nugeo/iba/

  3. What is Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) Pass relativistic protons from accelerators through filters Nuclear Interactions; -rays Scattering Recoil …. Atomic Interactions; X-rays Channelling Electrons….

  4. STAR 2MV Tandetron ANSTO

  5. Four techniques cover most of the periodic table from H to U

  6. Basic advantages include: High sensitivity (count individual atoms) Analyse small samples (pg) in few minutes Multi-elemental – H to Pb in one measurement Non-destructive so can use other techniques 100µg samples on air filters are ideally suited to these methods. Accelerator Based Analyses

  7. How to collect samples? Cyclone and Stacked filter samplers at Hong Kong Stacked filter heads 2.6MeV proton beam spot Stacked filter cassette Clean and exposed filters

  8. Dust Sado Is. Cheju Is. S Hanoi Hong Kong Manila Asian PM2.5 Sampling Sites (2001-2005) Hong Kong

  9. Dust Out of China in 2002

  10. Fine Particle Mass PM2.5 at Manila and Hanoi 2001-05 Av.=(46±20)µg/m3, max=260µg/m3 Av.=(54±34)µg/m3, max=222µg/m3 New Year US EPA PM2.5 annual goal 15µg/m3, 24hr goal 65µg/m3 Australia PM2.5 annual goal 8µg/m3, 24hr goal 25µm3

  11. H to Pb 1 to 7 H to Pb 1 to 100 1 to 100 1 to 7 * = Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) Recent source apportionment techniques provide powerful one step methods to determine source fingerprints and their contributions to the measured mass Sources (Fij) and their contributions (Gjk) calculated directly from the original input data matrix (Mjk). Mik = Fij * Gjk + err

  12. Typical Source Fingerprints Fij using IBA and PMF Secondary Sulfur Wind Blown Soil Black carbon, soot Diesel/ Oil burning

  13. Typical Source Fingerprints using IBA and PMF Ca based Industry Coal burning (Sea) Smoke, biomass burning Automobiles

  14. Mean Percentage Source Contributions at Manila and Hanoi 2001-2005

  15. Soil-Sulfate Transport to Hanoi HYSPLIT 4 day back trajectories calculated every 4 hours

  16. Long Range Transport of Fine Sulfates HYSPLIT 5 day back trajectories every 4 hours for 12 to 14 Oct 04 show high sulfur measured on 13 Oct 04 at Manila may originate from long range transport from South Korea. Similar long range patterns were observed for October of 2003.

  17. Summary Accelerator based IBA techniques, in particular, are ideal for generating large data sets containing many elements needed for characterisation and source modeling of air pollution. 20-40 elements are not uncommon. The larger the number of elements the better the sources are characterised. Generally nuclear analytical methods are accurate, precise, fast and non destructive on microgram-picogram samples. In many cases this is the only way this data can be obtained!

  18. Acknowledgements Our collaborators; Vuong Thu Bac at Institute of Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Hanoi, and Flora Santos at Philippines for Nuclear Research Institute, Manila All the IBA accelerator staff at ANSTO

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