Fingerprints have been used since 1901

2. Fingerprints have been used since 1901 DNA Fingerprints since 1986 Fingerprints? DNA Fingerprints !

3. Saddam Hussein Identification President Clinton & Monica Examples of DNA in the News

4. President Jefferson & Hemings Identification of WTC Victims Examples of DNA in the News

5. 内容 Outline of Presentation • Part A.Overviewof Forensic DNA Analysis • Part B.Short Tandem Repeats(STR) & STR-PCR • Part C.Y Chromosome & Forensic Science

6. Part A Overviewof Forensic DNA Analysis • Two Purpose of Forensic DNA Analysis • Four Applications of Forensic DNA Analysis

7. Law Enforcement Judicial Laboratory Personal Identification Paternity Testing Purpose of Forensic DNA Analysis

8. Criminal scene Identify a person Suspect1 Suspect2 Suspect3 Exclude suspects Applications of Forensic DNA Testing Matching suspect with evidence

9. Applications of Forensic DNA Testing Missing persons investigations ?

10. Applications of Forensic DNA Testing Paternity testing - identifying father

11. Applications of Forensic DNA Testing Mass disasters - putting pieces back together

12. Summary for Part A 2P 1. Purpose of Forensic DNA Analysis Personal Identification Paternity Testing 3M1P 2. Applications of Forensic DNA Testing Matching suspect with evidence Missing persons investigations Mass disasters - putting pieces back together Paternity testing - identifying father

13. Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon……

14. Part B Short Tandem Repeats(STR) & STR-PCR • The Molecular Structure of DNA • What is Short Tandem Repeats(STR)? • The Allele Nomenclature of STR • The Nomenclature of STR • The Principles of STR-PCR • Application of STR-PCR

15. homologous The Molecular Structure of DNA

16. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) …CTAGTCGT(GATA)(GATA)(GATA)GCGATCGT… Individual 1 Individual 2 …CTAGTCGT(GATA)(GATA)(GATA) (GATA)GCGATCGT… …CTAGTCGT(GATA)(GATA)(GATA) (GATA)(GATA)GCGATCGT… Individual 3 …… The repeat region is variable between samples while the flanking regions where PCR primers bind are constant

17. AATG Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) Allele Nomenclature The number of repeat unit 7 7 repeats 8 8 repeats

18. STR Sequence from GenBank TCAT repeat unit

19. Nomenclature of STR D3S1358 D8S1179 D5S818 D12S391 D7S820 D10S2325 D1S549 DXS1056 D13S317 D16S539 D18S51 D21S11 DYS630

20. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) A process mediated by a DNA polymerase that can yield millions of copies of a desired DNA sequence Target Region for STR-PCR Target Region for STR-PCR

21. STR with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

22. Father’s Sperm Mother’s Egg Child’s Cell Applications of STR-PCR Our DNA Comes from our Parents

23. 11-14 12-14 8-14 11-12 8-12 Applications of STR-PCR Family Inheritance of STR Alleles (D13S317) Suspect Father Confirmed Mother

24. Applications of STR-PCR × Exclusion ！ Locus Suspected-Father Confirmed-Mother Child D8S1179 13-16 12-13 12-14 D5S818 9-11 10-11 10-12 D1S549 13-14 14-15 13-14 D3S1754 14-15 13-13 13-14 Exclusion ！ D8S1179 13-16 12-13 12-14 D5S818 9-11 10-11 10-12 × …… …… …… ……

25. Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon…… Coming soon……

26. Part C Y Chromosome & it’s Application in Forensic Science

27. Characteristics ofHuman Y chromosome Dad made you a boy or girl Father to son & Male-specific The Human Genome

28. ? Y chromosome’s application in Forensic Science • Deficiency PaternityTesting • Sexual Assault Cases • Historical Investigations

29. Thomas Jefferson fathered slave’s children

30. Identical ! Thomas Jefferson fathered slave’s children ? × Failure to Exclude Jefferson as Eston Hemings’ Father

31. SUMMARY 2P 1. Purpose of Forensic DNA Analysis 3M1P 2. Applications of Forensic DNA Testing 3. What is Short Tandem Repeats(STR)? 4. The Principles of PCR 5. Characteristics ofHuman Y chromosome

32. ? Questions What’s the difference between Autosomal STR and Y-chromosomal STR?

33. Thanks for your attention!