Lecture 7A

1. Lecture 7A APUSH – Chapters 20, 21, 22

2. “I could see dimly through the dense sulphurous battle smoke and the line from Shakespeare’s Tempest flitted across my brain: ‘Hell is empty and all the devils are here.’” • Pvt. Frederick C. Foard, 20th North Carolina Infantry • Battle of South Mountain • September, 1862

3. President James Buchanan Democrat, 1857-1861

4. South Carolina Makes Its Move In December, 1860, members at a state convention vote to leave the United States

5. The Crittenden Compromise In a last-ditch effort, Senator James Crittenden of Kentucky proposes Constitutional amendments to save the union

7. The Confederate States of America (CSA)

9. PresidentAbraham Lincoln Republican, 1861-1865 “… We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land will yet sell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.” -First Inaugural Address, 1861

10. Major Robert Anderson Fort Sumter April 1861

12. To ensure the security of Washington, D. C., Lincoln suspends the right to habeas corpus in Maryland Chief Justice Taney rules against the president in ex parte Merryman (1861)

13. Copperheads and dissent in the Union

14. North & South compared

15. A contemporary Richmond diary, (Oct. 22, 1863) portrays the ruinous effects of the blockade and inflation. “A poor woman yesterday applied to a merchant in Carey Street to purchase a barrel of flour. The price he demanded was $70.00. “My God!” exclaimed she, ‘how can I pay such prices?’ I have 7 children; whall shall I do?” “I don’t know, madam,’ said he cooly, ‘unless you eat your children.

16. North & South compared

17. General P.G.T. Beauregard Military Leaders of the Confederacy General Robert E. Lee General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson General J.E.B. Stuart

18. Generals of the Union General McDowell General McClellan General Sherman General Pope General Grant

19. President Lincoln v. President Davis

20. First Bull Run (Manassas) July 21, 1861

23. Draft Riots of 1863

25. The Peninsula Campaign March, 1862 McClellan fails to take the initiative …

26. Antietam September 17, 1862

27. Victories for the Union Navy The ironclad face-off in March, 1862

28. The Trent Affair CSA diplomats Slidell and Mason

30. The Emancipation Proclamation Drafted in 1862; to take effect in 1863

31. Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863

32. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

33. Transcript of Gettysburg Address (1863) Executive Mansion, Washington, , 186 . Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal" Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow, this ground-- The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here. It is rather for us, the living, to stand here, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that, from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

34. Vicksburg July 4, 1863

35. Grant takes command Lincoln’s general commits to a policy of attrition.

36. Sherman in Georgia and the March to the Sea, 1864

37. Total War 1 TOTAL WAR

38. Total War 3 TOTAL WAR

39. Total War 2 TOTAL WAR

40. Picture: Richmond TOTAL WAR

41. Picture: Richmond TOTAL WAR

42. Picture: Richmond TOTAL WAR

43. Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865

44. 5 PM, April 7, 1865….. • To: General R. E. Lee, Commanding CSA • The results of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion (spilling) of blood by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States army known as the Army of Northern Virginia…… • Very respectfully, your obedient servant, U.S. Grant

45. April 7, 1865 • To: General U.S. Grant: • General: I have received your note of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion you express of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and therefore, before considering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender. • Commanding General of CSA, • R. E. Lee

46. April 8, 1865…. • To: General R. E. Lee, Commanding CSA • Your note of last evening just received. In reply would say that there is but one condition I would insist upon---namely, that the men and officers surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up arms against the Government of the United States……..I will meet you at any point agreeable to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon which the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia will be received. • General U.S. Grant, Commanding Officer, USA

47. Dr. Mary E. Walker Elizabeth Van Lew Clara Barton American women in the Civil War Rose Greenlow Mary Tippee Bell Boyd

48. Technological innovations

49. Andersonville The notorious POW camp

50. Under the surgeon’s knife – or saw