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Cellular Response

Cellular Response . Adaptive. Non Adaptive. Degeneration. Disturbances of growth. Neoplasia. Inflammation and repair. Dysplasia. Immune response. Necrosis. I NFLAMMATION. Definition. -it’s a body response against injury , it’s a first line of defense.

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Cellular Response

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  1. Cellular Response • Adaptive • Non Adaptive • Degeneration • Disturbances of growth • Neoplasia • Inflammation and repair • Dysplasia • Immune response • Necrosis

  2. INFLAMMATION

  3. Definition • -it’s a body response against injury , it’s a first line of defense. • -Protective adaptive tissue response to injury.

  4. Causes of Inflammation: By injurious agents called irritants. It are different types: 1-Living Irritants: bacteria, virus, parasites. : 2-Non Living Irritants a-Chemical: Acids, alkalis and poisons. b-Physical: Heat, cold, ionizing radiation. c-Mechanical: Trauma, cut. 3-Antigens: cause allergic inflammation.

  5. Mechanism: 1. Vascular response 2.Cellular response 1. Vascular Response A-Vasodilatations of arterioles  in local blood flow  redness and hotness = (hypraemia). B-Increase in capillary permeability  leakage of fluid  local swelling. C-Release of mediators  pain.

  6. 1- inflammatory reaction “dilated blood vessels” The widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells in vessel walls

  7. Mechanism: 2. Cellular Response: -Margination of WBCs. -Emigration (Diapedesis). -Chemotaxis . -Phagocytosis.

  8. Cellular Response Margination: The polymorphnuclear leucocytes leave the blood and adhesion to the margin of the endothelial lining of the capillaries. Emigration :The polymorphnuclear leucocytes pass between the endothelial cells through the vessels wall by amoeboid movement into damage tissue .

  9. Cellular Response Chemotaxis:Is the directed movement of the polymorph-nuclear leucocytes and macrophages in the area of inflammation. Phagocytosis:Is the ingestion and destruction of the foreign particles by the phagocytic inflammatory cells.

  10. 2- Margination of WBC’s: PMN move to the peripheral B.V & adherent to endothelium B.V wall ,this process called "Margination of WBC’s

  11. 3- Emigration of WBC’s PMN or WBCs migration from vessels lumen into area of tissue damage, this process called" Emigration of WBC’s"

  12. Inflammation types: 1- acute . 2- chronic . 3-sub-acute.

  13. Inflammation types: 1- Acute inflammation: Sudden onset and short duration. -Cellular response Polymorphnuclear leucocytes, pus cells and macrophages. - Vascular responseNumerous, thin walled, dilated blood vessels.

  14. 4- Acute inflammatory cells: Mainly we see PMNL & small amount of macrophages. PMNL= WBCs refer to neutrophil,cytoplasm contain fine violet granules ,several lobesof nucleus , Pus cells= dead PMN lymphocytes or dead neutrophil. Machrophages=usually seen in acute & chronic inflammationl,Functionof machrophages:1-phagocytosis &killing of bacteria. 2-phagocytosis of necrotic debris.3-formation of giant cells.

  15. Inflammation types: 2- Chronic Inflammation: Gradual onset and prolonged duration ( connective tissue formation). -Cellular response  Lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and giant cells. - Vascular response  Few, thick walled, narrow blood vessels.

  16. Inflammation types: 3- Sub-acute Inflammation: in between the acute and the chronic

  17. 5- chronic inflammatory cells Lymphocytes: WBCs, distinguished by dark blue round nuclei & small amount of cytoplasm. Plasma cells :WBCs, it is mature B-cell ,identified by extensive basophilic cytoplasma & small eccentric nuclei( specific seen in chronic inflammation),it is produce large antibodies Fibroblast: is type of cell synthesizes C.T &plays critical role in wound healing Foreign body giant cell: is fused macrophages which are generated in response to present large foreign body, nuclei are arranged in disorganized manner. Langhans giant cell: is fusion of macrophages & contain arranged in horse shoe-shaped pattern in cell periphery, found in granulomatous & tuberculosis conditions.

  18. 6- chronic inflammatory cells Mainly we have Plasma cell ,lymphocytes.&Fibroblast cells to form

  19. 7- chronic inflammatory cells: Mainly plasma cell ,small amount of lymphocytes ,macrophages & fibroblast cells to form C.T

  20. 8- Giant cell ( langerhan’s) specific : Atypical langhans giant cell formed by fusion of macrophages in tuberculosis granuloma ,contain nuclei horse shoe-shaped

  21. 9- Giant cell (foreign body) non-specific: Giant cell,nuclei arranged in disorganization pattern,fibroblast & few lymphocytes.

  22. 10- Acluster of giant cells around (foreign body) : A cluster of giant cells around (foreign body )&number of lymphocytes.

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