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Earth’s Features

Earth’s Features. Unit C Chapter 6 Lesson 1 C6 – C11. Main Idea. Earth’s surface includes water and solid landforms. You can identify surface features by their location, shape, and elevation. A Watery Planet.

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Earth’s Features

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  1. Earth’s Features Unit C Chapter 6 Lesson 1 C6 – C11

  2. Main Idea • Earth’s surface includes water and solid landforms. • You can identify surface features by their location, shape, and elevation.

  3. A Watery Planet • Earth is the only planet in our solar system with a large amount of water on its surface. • All of Earth’s oceans are connect with most of the water found in the southern part. • Lakes and rivers carry or hold fresh water. • Only 3% of Earth’s water is fresh and most of it is found in glaciers or ice sheets.

  4. 70% of earth is covered by oceans

  5. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found in glaciers or ice sheets near Earth’s poles. Fresh water is a very important resource!

  6. Earth’s Solid Surface • CRUST – Earth’s rocky outer layer. • Has many features on the ocean floor and on the continents. • LANDFORMS – continental features

  7. Landforms • Mountains – the tallest of Earth’s landforms • Steep sloops rise to tall peaks • Can be a single peak or in chains, ranges, and mountain systems

  8. Grand-Teton-Mountains Wyoming

  9. HILLS Smaller than mountains Rounded crests stand above the land around them MOUNTAIN VALLEYS Long, narrow regions of low land between ranges of mountains or hills. CANYONS – deep valleys with steep sides Landforms cont.

  10. CANYON

  11. Landforms Cont. • PLATEAUS • High landforms with flat surfaces. • Often along tops of canyons • MESAS • Like a plateaus, but smaller

  12. Landforms Cont. • PLAINS • Broad and flat • Lower than surroundings

  13. RIVER VALLEY Valley with a river flowing usually in the center River moves along a channel in the valley floor FLOOD PLAIN The floor of a river valley on either side of the river Water covers a flood plain when a river overflows Landforms Cont.

  14. RIVER VALLEY

  15. Flood Plain

  16. Landforms • Mountains – tallest landforms • Hills – smaller than mountains • Plateaus – high landforms with fairly flat surfaces • Mountain Valleys – long, narrow regions of low land between ranges • Plains – broad, flat and lower than surroundings • River valley – river that flows through the center of a valley • Flood Plain – the floor of a river valley on either side of the river

  17. Coastal Features • Coastal Plain • Beaches and marshlands • Rocky coastlines • Sea Caves • Sea cliffs • Sea Arches • Pocket beaches • Mainland beaches • Sand Dunes

  18. Coastal Plain • Canada to Florida • Slopes gently from the Appalachian Mountains to the shores of the Atlantic ocean • Fertile soil

  19. Beaches & Marshlands • Found at shorelines where the dry land meets the ocean. • Flat landforms • Can be rocky or sandy

  20. Pacific Coast • No coastal plain • Coastline is rocky • Can be steep cliffs • Mountains may extend to the waters edge

  21. Sea Caves • Waves penetrate weak rock • Begins as a small fracture in rock that develops into a cave over time

  22. Sea Cliffs • Created by erosion and weathering

  23. Sea Arches • Natural opening eroded out of a cliff face

  24. Pocket Beaches • Form along a rocky coastline • Small and curve landward • Sand fills spaces (pockets) between rocky cliffs

  25. Mainland beaches • Found along straight shorelines free of large rocks • Some stretch for miles

  26. Barrier Island Beach • Barrier island – separated from mainland by a narrow, shallow body of water • Beaches can be large New Jersey Barrier Island

  27. Sand Dunes • Mounds or ridges of sand that the wind often forms along coastlines • Form in long, irregular rows set back from the water

  28. What are the three types of beaches? • Pocket • Mainland • Barrier

  29. Ocean Floor Features • Continental margin: shelf, slope, rise • Ocean floor features are similar to features on land • Canyons • Mountains • Plains • seamounts

  30. Continental Margin

  31. Continental Margin • Starts at the waters edge and extends to the deep ocean floor • 3 Parts to the continental margin • Continental shelf • Continental slope • Continental Rise

  32. Continental Shelf • Forms the edges of the continent • Slopes gradually down from sea level to less than 200 m

  33. Continental Slope • Beyond the shelf and is very steep • Can fall to depths of 3 km (1.8 mi) • Forms the sides of the continents

  34. Continental Rise • At the bottom of the slope • Stretches out about 1,000km across the ocean floor

  35. Ocean Floor Features • Canyons – same as on the land, but called submarine canyons underwater • Mountains & Plains • Seamounts – huge steep sided mountains rising from the ocean floor • Some have flat tops and are known as Guyots (GEE ohs)

  36. Ocean Floor • The vast area of the deep ocean floor is called the Abyssal Plain.

  37. What are the three parts of the continental margin? • Continental Shelf • Continental Slope • Continental Rise

  38. Mid-Ocean Features • Ocean Basin – the region beyond the continental margin • Deep canyons called trenches • Mariana Trench (near Guam) drops 6.6 mi below the ocean floor • Mid-ocean ridges form mountain chains • The sides of the ridges slope down to the abyssal plain

  39. Mapping Surface Features • Topographic Map – shows the shape of surface features and their elevations or heights above sea level. • Contour Lines – connect points on the map that have the same elevation • Contour lines show shape and steepness of the land.

  40. REVIEW

  41. What three properties are used to identify surface features? • Location • Shape • Elevation

  42. How do contour lines help you visualize a feature of Earth’s solid surface? • Contour lines can show the shape and steepness of the land

  43. Name and describe the three parts of the continental margin. • Continental shelf – forms a continent’s edges • Continental slope – steeper and forms its sides • Continental Rise – at the bottom of the slope and stretches across the ocean floor.

  44. Earth has lots of water. Water covers 70% of Earth’s surface. Even so, water is a critical resource for all living things. Explain why. • Salt water is not safe to drink, but is the most abundant type of water. Only 3% of water is fresh and most is locked in glaciers. Fresh water in streams and ponds is very precious.

  45. Describe how plateaus and plains are similar and how they are different. • Plateaus and plains are both flat and wide. • However, plateaus rise above their surroundings, while plains sit lower than their surroundings.

  46. The Mariana Trench is a feature of the floor of the Pacific Ocean. What land feature does its shape most resemble?A. river valleyB. CanyonC. Mountain RangeD. Beach

  47. The Mariana Trench is a feature of the floor of the Pacific Ocean. What land feature does its shape most resemble?B. Canyon

  48. The rocky outer layer of Earth’s surface is called the • Crust

  49. What are the lines that connect points on a map that have the same elevation called? • Contour Lines

  50. What type of map shows the shape of surface features and their elevations? • Topographic Map

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