Ch. 1.1 Earth’s Interior

Ch. 1.1 Earth’s Interior

A. The Science of Geology 1. Geologist -- scientists studying the forces that make and shape planet Earth. Study Rock for- • chemical, physical properties • mapping location • describe landforms and features • clues to Earth’s history

B. Studying Surface Changes 1. What causes Earth’s surface to change? a). Constructive Forces • Build up mountains and landmasses • Ex: island formation b). Destructive Forces • Wear away mountains and other features on the surface • Ex: water and/or wind

C. Finding Indirect Evidence 1. Seismic waves a). study how they travel through Earth b). Speeds, paths, data reveals layers of Earth

D. A Journey to the Center of the Earth Temperature… increases And Pressure… a force pushing on a surface or area… increases as you go deeper inside Earth

D. A Journey to the Center of the Earth • 3 Layers to the Earth • Crust • Mantle • Core • outer core • inner core

1. The Crust • Outer most layer • Thinnest layer -- ranging from 5 - 40 km • Continental crust granite • Oceanic crust basalt

2. The Mantle • Located beneath the crust • Is about 2,900 km wide • A layer of hot rock • Has 3 layers • Lithosphere • means stone • rigid layer • Asthenosphere • means weak • Soft , tar-like • Lower Mantle • solid

3. The Core is divided into 2 sections: a). Outer Core • Beneath the mantle • molten iron and nickel • a thick liquid • movements create Earth’s magnetic field

b). Inner Core • Beneath Outer Core • A dense ball of solid iron and nickel

E. Earth’s Magnetic Field • Earth’s outer core spins around a solid inner core of molten iron that creates a magnetic field.

Ch. 1.1 Earth’s Interior