National identity and globalization

1. National identity and globalization Nation, nationality and nationalism

2. What is a nation? Complexity Only Western nation state ? �Nation�

3. Western nation state control over a definite geographical territory independent, relatively centralized administrative apparatus a distinct political structure, legal code, economy, currency, educational system a culture defined by language, arts, customs, religion and/or race rituals of identification � enforced solidarity

4. Max Weber �.. A lot of Frenshmen did not know that they belonged together until the long didactic campaigns of the late nineteenth century told them that they did.�

5. Nation state and ethnicity Unity Homogenizising Language Ethnicity Memory National history Invented traditions Resurrection of past event

6. Nationalism Doctrine or political movement supporting the right of a nationality to form an autonomous nation Chauvenistic pride in one�s nation and xenophobia towards other nations

7. Primordialists versus modernists Primordialists Ethnicity and ethnic history has played a significant role in shaping modern nation state Modernists Modern capitalism, industry, and communication have been responsible for the nation state�s apperance

8. A.D. Smith Nation: Invented / constructed or �real historical process�? Did nations exist in the pre-modern world? Political unit or a social/cultural entity ?

9. Smith: working definition �A nation is a named community of history and culture, possesing a unified territory, economy, mass education system and legal rights�

10. Smith: National identity � Vital for any nation is the growth and spread of a �national sentiment� outward form the centre and usually downwards through the strata of the population. It is in an through the myths and symbols of the common past that such a national sentiment finds its expression; and these too may develop over long periods.�

11. Smith: The ethnic core Common name for the unit of population A set of myths of common origins and descent Some common historical memories of things experienced together A common �historic territory� of homeland Element of common culture � language, customs, religion A sense of solidarity

12. Smith: 2 types of Ethnie Lateral (aristocratic) � incorporate lower class culture through expanding bureaucracy Vertical (passive) � religious defined communities, mobilized by intellectuals into a political state

13. Benedict Anderson From inventing to imagine and constructing Nation-state as result of specific socio-economic conditions, but recognizes the national sentiment of solidarity as a rationale as real as anything else

14. Anderson Nation-ness and nationalism are cultural artefacts of a particular kind; How have they come into historical being ? Why such profound emotional legitimacy ?

16. Anderson �Nation�: � .. It is an imagined political community � and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign.�

17. Anderson Nation Imagined Imagined as limited Imagined as sovereign Imagined as community

18. Anderson The origins of national consciousness Vernacularizing thrust of capitalism; change in the character of Latin impact of the Reformation expanding vernalularizing of administration and instruments of centralisation

19. Anderson Print languages bases for national consciousness: created a unified field of exchange and communication new fixity to language created languages-of-power of a new kind

20. Inge Adriansen: Dannebrog � symbol of the state or of the people ? Dannebrog Party, joy, happiness � privat and official Commercial State

21. Peter Faber: Dengang jeg drog afsted, 1848H�jt fra Tr�ets Gr�nne Top, 1849 �For the girl and our country We are fighting altogether And woe to that good-for-nothing That doesn�t love his language And will not sacrifice blood and life for old Dannebrog� �Know it is an honor to carry Dannebrog�

22. Minister for Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs, Bertel Haarder, Berlingske Tidende, 20.9.2003 �Normal Danes are subjected to different forms of social control. We go to work, among others because we consider what the family and the neighbours will say, and because we want to make a good example for our children. But foreigners do not have these same inhibitions. They live in a sub-culture outside of the Danish tribe. Thus, they are very quick in acquiring benefits without making an effort�

23. Bertel Haarder, Minister for Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs in Weekendavisen, 1.3.2002 �Danish culture is more important than other cultures. When I, as Minister of Education, placed the Biblical narrative as the centre of the study of Christianity (in the school system), it was clear discrimination. One has to be well-versed about the Biblical narrative, and one must have knowledge of the other religions. It is discrimination, and that is how it should be. And the same should hold for Danish instruction. There, one studies Danish literature � it is more important than foreign literature. Therefore I am saying, that all this talk about cultural equality and religious equality �this is nonsense. It is the culture radicals who want cultural and religious equality, they cannot possibly have reflected on it. Denmark is by all intents and purposes a Danish society. It is the Danes who decide in Denmark. It is us who decide how many we want to come in. It is not at random that it is not only in our Constitution, but in all other countries� constitutions where it states that it is the Parliament that decides who should be able to come in. Is this discrimination? Of course, it is discrimination.�