A New National Identity

1. A New National Identity Chapter 9

2. American Foreign Policy Chapter 9 - Section 1

3. Relations with Britain

4. Relations with Britain • James Monroe ran for president almost unopposed and became the 5th President of the US. • Following the • War of 1812, President Monroe made peace with Britain.

5. Relations with Spain

6. Relations with Spain • Spain owned East and West Florida. • The US claimed they owned West Florida because it was part of the La. Purchase. (Spanish Florida) • The US added West Florida to parts of Louisiana and Mississippi • Spain objected to this; however, they did not take legal action.

8. General Andrew Jackson

9. General Andrew Jackson was sent to stop Seminole Indian raids on American territory. • Instead of doing this, Jackson seized control of 2 Spanish forts in East Florida. • The Spanish was already fighting a war w/ their colonists in Mexico and S. America; therefore, they did not want to go to war w/ the US. • As a result, Spain and the US signed the Adams-Onis Treaty.

10. In the Adams-Onis Treaty, : • Spain gave West and East Florida to the US • the US gave up claims to Spanish Texas

12. The Monroe Doctrine

13. The Monroe Doctrine • Spain asked France, Austria, Russia and Prussia for help in its fight against revolutionary forces in South America. • The possibility of increased European involvement in North America alarmed President Monroe. • President Monroe issued a statement to all European nations.

14. In his statement, the president said: • European countries could KEEP colonies they already had • European countries COULD NOT establish new colonies • If so, the US will take military action against the European nation. • This statement became known as the Monroe Doctrine. • As a result of the Monroe Doctrine, no European country tried to colonize a region in the Americas.

19. Nationalism and Sectionalism Chapter 9 Section 2

20. Moving West

21. Moving West • Traveling West was not an easy task. The settlers faced hardship and dangers along the way. • A trip from NY City to Buffalo could take as long as 3 weeks. • Since people were traveling West, private companies built roads known as turnpikes. Turnpikes are roads that travelers must pay a fee to travel.

22. These fees were used to help construct and maintain the roads. • Many of the roads were made of stones . • Where the land was muddy, the roads were made of logs placed side by side. These roads were known as “corduroy roads.” • In 1806, Congress approved funds to build a National Road to connect the new state, Ohio, to the E. This road was known as the Cumberland Road.

24. Travelers on a turnpike paying a toll.

26. River Travel

27. River Travel • River travel had advantages over wagon and horse travel. • Advantages of river travel: • not bumpy • travelers could load all their goods on a barge • Disadvantages of river travel: • Rivers flowed N to S not E to W • Traveling against the wind and river current was extremely slow and difficult.

28. To correct the disadvantages of river travel, Robert Fulton developed a steamboat w/ a powerful engine to fight the upstream river currents. • Fulton’s steamboat was known as the Clermont. • The seem engine was very noisy, but its power provided a fairly smooth ride. • The steamboat made shipping goods cheaper, faster and caused the growth of some cities. (i.e. Cincinnati and St. Louis)

29. the Clermont Robert Fulton

31. Canals

32. Canals • Although the steamboats represented a great improvement in transportation, they still could not travel from E. to W. • Many settlers wanted to leave the NY area to go to the Great Lakes area. They found this travel difficult and hard. • DeWitt Clinton came up w/ a way to link NY w/ the Great Lakes by inventing canals.

33. DeWitt Clinton

34. Canals • man made waterways • connect 2 large bodies of water • transport goods and people.

35. Mules or horses were connected to boats. • Next, the animals would haul them on the man made waterways to different cities. • This allowed people to travel on rivers from E. to W. • With the invention of canals, people were able to move farther away from the river. • The most famous canal was the Erie Canal. • It was 363 miles long and built by many Irish immigrants.

36. Canals

38. Travelers on the Erie Canal

40. Erie Canal Song • This is a song about the tough work building the Erie Canal and the excitement of moving west using the Erie Canal. • http://www.eriecanalvillage.net/pages/song.html

43. Western Settlement

44. Western Settlement • Americans moved west in large numbers. • By 1821, 10 new states had been added to the US as a result of the western migration. • Pioneers usually migrated as a family rather than as an individual. • They tend to settled in cities along the rivers.

46. They also, tend to settle w/ people from their home communities. • The census (count of a country’s population) revealed the US had about 10 million people

47. The Era of Good Feelings

48. The Era of Good Feelings • During the administration of Monroe, political differences and disagreements seemed to fade away. • This was the first time in a long time there was PEACE in the nation. • This time in history has became known as the “Era of Good Feelings”. • Nationalism- pride and loyalty to a nation. • When Monroe ran for reelection, he won by a landslide.

49. James Monroe, 5th President of the US James Monroe

50. Sectionalism Grows