Air Pollution

1. Air Pollution BY: Colleen Krupa

2. Causes Of Air Pollution • Pollution- any change in the atmosphere that has a harmful effect • Pollutants- substances that cause pollution (ash as a solid, or chlorine as a gas) • Emissions- solid partials and gasses that are release into the air Natural Causes Volcano erupting Forest Fire Human Causes Cars blowing emissions Factory burning fossils fuels

3. Smog Photochemical Smog- a thick brown haze formed when certain gases in the air react with sunlight Ozone- the gasses react in the sunlight and produce a form of oxygen The gases released by fossil fuels burning include hydrocarbons The major sources of the photochemical smog are the gases emitted by cars and trucks

4. The Effects of Smog Health Problems can be as simple as itchy eyes or scratchy throat. More serious problems could hurt the lungs and weaken the bodies defense system. At some points the city will call out a Smog Alert. Temperature Inversion- a layer of warm air prevents the rising air from escaping The polluted air will be trapped and kept close to the ground. This will cause the smog to become more dangerous. Smog Alert- a warning about a high smog level that could be dangerous

5. Acid Rain Acid rain- precipitation that is more acidic than normal, it could fall as fain, snow, hail, sleet, or even fog Effects of acid rain can include the weakening of fish eggs shells or killing of plants. Big effects will show up in bodies of water, the animals and plants will be effected and killed. The rain can also effect buildings, metals, and even statues and could cause rust on cars.

6. Indoor Air Pollution • Causes of indoor air pollution could be dust, pet hair, and some air fresheners • Other more serious causes could be Asbestos, oil-base paints, glues, and many cleaning supplies. These all could give off bad toxic fumes • One very common type of air pollution is smoking. When you inhale the smoke it will damage the heart and lungs. When you inhale the smoke it is called Second Hand Smoke

7. Serious IndoorPollutions • Carbon Monoxide- is a colorless, odorless gas that forms when wood, coal, oil, or gas is incompletely burned • When the monoxide builds up in a closed area it could be deadly • Radon- is a colorless, odorless gas that is radioactive • Radon forms naturally by certain rocks underground • If you breathe the gas over many years it could cause health problems such as lung cancer

8. Ozone Layer • Ozone Layer- is a layer of the upper atmosphere about 30 kilometers above Earth’s surface • The concentration of the ozone is very low • Even though the concentration is low, the small amounts of the ozone layer protects people from the effects of too much ultraviolet radiation (sunburn, eye disease, and skin cancer)

9. Ozone Layer (cont.) • When the Ozone is higher in the atmosphere it helps to protect us when we breath or when we are in the sun • When the ozone is too close to Earth it can cause smog • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)- one problem of the hole in the ozone , a group of gasses containing chlorine and fluorine • The CFCs were banned but still remained in the atmosphere for a very long time

10. What is the Ozone about? • The ozone is always being made and destroyed • Look at the cycle below, it shows how the ozone works

11. Green House Effect • Green House Effect- the trapping of heat near the Earth’s surface • The gases that are trapped near the Earth’s surface include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and many other gases

12. Global Warming • Ever since the 1800’s the main source of energy has been coal and oil. When burning these substances it produces carbon dioxide • When the carbon dioxide reaches the ozone layer it causes a hole in the ozone layer • The sun will produce heat which will go through the hole in the ozone layer making the Earth warmer • Through time the amount of carbon dioxide has increased from 280 parts per million to 350 parts per million and keeps going up • Global Warming- the theory that the increasing carbondioxide in the atmosphere will raise Earth’s average temperature • Scientists predict that in the next century the Earth’s temperature will increase 3 to 8 degrees Celsius

13. Effects of Global Warming • The parts of ice caps up north and south will start to melt, causing the water level to rise and kill many homes for the animals and humans • The change of temperature could effect climate, which could help create a natural disaster • It could effect how crops grow or how animals live

14. PredictingClimate • It is said it is hard to predict the climate with the changes in the atmosphere • Most scientists base their climate predictions on computer models that calculate the effects of changes in the atmosphere • The ocean factor- the carbon dioxide cycles between the atmosphere and the oceans, where it dissolves into the ocean • The Forest factor- plants take in carbon dioxide during Photosynthesis and when the trees are cut down more carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere • The clouds factor- when the Earth becomes warmer more water will evaporate. More water vapor will increase the greenhouse effect • The emissions factor- power plants, factories, and vehicles produce the gases that cause the greenhouse effect

15. Worlds Most Polluted Places

16. 10 BEST, WORST METRO AREAS Areas with the lowest CO emissions: 1. Honolulu 2. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana 3. Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, Ore.-Wash. 4. New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y-N.J.-Pa. 5. Boise-Nampa, Idaho 6. Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. 7. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara 8. San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont 9. El Paso 10. San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos Areas with the highest CO emissions: 1. Lexington-Fayette, Ky. 2. Indianapolis 3. Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. 4. Toledo, Ohio 5. Louisville 6.Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro 7. St. Louis 8. Oklahoma City 9. Harrisburg-Carlisle, Pa. 10. Knoxville USA Today- 2008

17. The End Air Pollution can be very serious, try your best to stop it’s progress By: COLLEEN KRUPA