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Hess Education

Hess Education. “ But in science the credit goes to the man who convinces the world, not to the man whom the idea first occurs.” -Sir Francis Darwin. Writing Hint. Process Writing. Approach writing as a continuous iterative process. Drafting. Structuring. Re-viewing.

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Hess Education

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  1. Hess Education A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  2. “But in science the credit goes to the man who convinces the world, not to the man whom the idea first occurs.” -Sir Francis Darwin A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  3. Writing Hint Process Writing Approach writing as a continuous iterative process. Drafting Structuring Re-viewing Focusing Generating Ideas Evaluating White & Arndt (1991) A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  4. Your Parameters Constraints(external) Choices(internal) Audience Topic (?) Format Structure Mechanics Depth Politics Language Illustration Adapted from Hua-Kuang Liu, PowerPoint, for “Effective Science and Engineering Communication” A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  5. Common Problems • Articles [1-19] • Pronoun references [1-1] • Plurals [1-1] • Verb/Noun agreement [8-4 • Verb tense [4-1] [5-3] [1-1] • Modifier with modified [5-1] [1-1] [1-2][1-6][2-1][8-5][10-] • Split infinitive [9-3][9-3][9-4] • Dangling participle [4-2] • Word Choice A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  6. Writing Hint • Tell them what you are going to tell • Tell them • Tell them what you told Beginning Middle End A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  7. Writing Hint Know your audience and write from the reader’s perspective. A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  8. Writing Hint • Special difficulties in Technical Writing • Complex subjects • Complicated insider’s language • Compensate for these A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  9. Writing Hint • Generate a large body of ideas to define the scope of your project • Define your Basic Research Question • Focus on a one-sentence Thesis Statement answering the Question • Find a Hook A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  10. Writing Hint • Numbers Rule • of 3: • For powerful sets, or • To make the middle item the winner • of 2: for contrasts • of 5: >5 is often too much A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  11. Sentence Hints • Focus on the main idea • Combine choppy sentences • Simplify sentences • Use a variety of sentences • Use a variety of sentence openings • Use parallelism A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  12. Word Choice Hints • Do not omit needed words • Eliminate redundant words • Place modifiers with their subject • Keep verbs consistent in tense and the active voice • Use the active voice (replace “be” verbs) • Use appropriate language • Use exact language • Keep your voice consistent (I, we, etc.) A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  13. Writing Hint • The rule of three revisited: Editing • Write Rest Rewrite A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  14. Writing Hint • Polishing or editing, like writing, is a continuous iterative process • BUT • Unless you have enough written there is not enough to polish! • Write first • Polish later A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  15. ESL Hint • Good writing varies by culture, in addition to varying by audience, discipline and purpose, i.e. direct or indirect, personal or impersonal, plain or embellished, etc. • Vague is bad in English technical writing. Some, however, intentionally write vaguely, attempting to demonstrate their greater wisdom with seductive phrases and illusory allusions rather than speaking in diamorphous linear constructions thereby befuddling those readers lacking a clear personal sense of rectitude. A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  16. ESL Hint In English writers are expected to cite all sources. This includes as much detail as is available. For instance, the page number if available. [Make it easy for the reader to check!} A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  17. ESL Hint • Chinese allows the omission of the subject or the verb. • English almost always requires you to state the subject and verb. • Expect in commands ( Be quiet!) • When the subject is impLiud or • In some special exceptions A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  18. ESL Hint • English spelling differs slightly from country to country. • The primary difference is American or British • Choose one system and stick with it. • Color Colour • Theater Theatre • Judgment Judgement • Defense Defence • Analyze Analyse • Hppt://www.english.uiuc.edu/cwa/wworkshop/ • Hppt:/www.owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/general/ index.html#effective A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  19. Selecting Wining Topics • Ask the field (journals) • Ask the experts (professor) • Ask the next stars (colleagues) • Ask What? • Research Question • Thesis Statement • Idea Set A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  20. From Idea Set to Research Question • It IS-- a Question • Narrow • Challenging • Grounded • What you want to Answer A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  21. Thesis Statement • This is the sentence stating the main point. • A generalization, not a fact • Limited, not too broad • Focused, not too vague • Essentially the Title of your work A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  22. Thesis Hooks • Startling statistic or fact • Vivid example • Description • Quotation • Question • Analogy A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  23. Topic Sentence • Is the Thesis Statement for the paragraph. • Is usually at the start • Signals the next step in the argument • Suggests the next topic • Helps the transition A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  24. Structure-Paragraphs • Focus the Main Point-Topic Sentence • Usually first • Sometimes after a transition • Occasionally at the end • Develop the main point- too short is often too little • Organize the paragraph • Methods include: examples, description, process, comparison, contrast, definition, cause and effect, classification and division, etc. A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  25. Structure-Paragraphs cont’d • Make the Paragraph Coherent • Link-ideas • Repeat key words • Use parallel structure (parallelism) • Be consistent • Provide Transitions (handout) • Adjust Paragraph Length A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  26. The Final Product • Editing/Poilshing • Sentence • Paragraph • Global • Using editing codes A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  27. Your Parameters Constraints(external) Choices(internal) Audience Topic (?) Format Structure Mechanics Depth Politics Language Illustration Adapted from Hua-Kuang Liu, PowerPoint, for “Effective Science and Engineering Communication” A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  28. Writing Hint Process Writing Approach writing as a continuous iterative process. Drafting Structuring Re-viewing Focusing Generating Ideas Evaluating White & Arndt (1991) A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  29. Common Problems • Articles • Pronoun references • Plurals • Verb/Noun agreement • Verb tense • Modifier with modified • Split infinitive • Dangling participle • Word Choice • Possessive A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  30. Rules I:Figures/Table/Graphs Purpose • Extends the argument • Simplifies complex • Allows visual comparison A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  31. Rules II:Figures/Table/Graphs Location • Requires a mention in the text. • As close to the mention as possible. • After the mention • Reasonable location • Esthetically pleasing [looks good] A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  32. Rules III:Figures/Table/Graphs Naming • Titled • Spelled out • Sequentially numbered, followed by (period) • Centered, bolded, (below) • Same font size and type as text A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

  33. Rules IV:Figures/Table/Graphs Content • Labeled • Abbreviations explained in • Text • Legend • Label • Readable • Consistent • No unlabeled data breaks A Hess-NTU Cooperative Program

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