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Electrostatics

Electrostatics. By Hannah Blanchard, Tucker Stultz, & Paige Graham. Electrostatics. Electrostatics is electricity at rest. It involves electric charges, the forces between them, and their behavior in different materials.

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Electrostatics

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  1. Electrostatics By Hannah Blanchard, Tucker Stultz, & Paige Graham

  2. Electrostatics • Electrostatics is electricity at rest. • It involves electric charges, the forces between them, and their behavior in different materials. • Attracting and repelling behaviors are called charges. Electrons, being attracted to protons, are negatively charges. Protons are positively charged and neutrons have no charge. Electrons repel other electrons and neutrons neither repel or attract any charged particle.

  3. Important Facts About Atoms • Every atom has a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. • All electrons are identical; each has the same mass and quantity of negative charge. • The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. They usually have as many electrons as protons, so there is a zero net charge. • An atom with a charge is an ion.

  4. Conservation of Charge An atom with a net electric charge is neither created nor destroyed, but rather transferred from one material to another to become this way. Any charged atom with a deficiency or excess of electrons is missing a whole number of electrons, it can not be a decimal.

  5. Coulomb’s Law For charged particles or objects that are small compared to the distance between them, the force between the charges varies directly as the product of the charges and inversely as the square of the distance between them. F=k ((q1q2)/(d^2)) where d is the distance between the charged particles, q represents the quantity of charge of the particles ( q1 and q2); and k is the proportionality constant (similar to the G in Newton’s law of gravitation) equaling 9.0 x 10^9 Nxm^2/C^2. The greatest difference between Newton’s law of gravitation for masses and Coulomb’s law for electric charges is that while gravity attracts, electrical force can attract or repel.

  6. Conductors and Insulators Metals are good conductors because their outer electrons are free to roam the atom and are “loose”. Tightly bound electrons in materials such as glass and rubber are poor conductors, but good insulators. Some substances can be good insulators in one form, but are normally conductors are called semiconductors. Superconductors are metals that have charges that flow freely. This occurs at levels near absolute zero where the certain metals aquire infinite conductivity.

  7. Charging By Induction When materials distribute different charges to each other it is said that the materials are being induced. Induction occurs when materials are charged equally and oppositely. When charges are moved off a conductor it is known as grounding. Atoms that are electrically polarized are slightly more positive or negative.

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