Changes in the United States

1. Changes in the United States

2. Vocab for Ch. 17 page 384 • Industrial Revolution • Homestead Act • Monopoly • Urbanization • Populism • Progressivism • Sherman Antitrust Act • defraud

3. Vocabulary Activity • Fold a paper in half twice to create four boxes • Define each vocab term by creating a picture or series of pictures that represents the definition. • After you have created your picture define the key terms in your own words in the box with the corresponding picture.

4. The Rise of Industry in the United States Railroads- linked all parts of the nation and carried raw materials to factories Steel- low cost metal that was easily produced and used to build railroads, factories, tools, and skyscrapers

5. Railroads lead industrial development • Homestead Act- gave free land in the west if you farmed it for 5 years • Transcontinental Railroad- connected Atlantic and Pacific coasts. • Union Pacific and Central Pacific were given the task to construct a route through the middle of the country. • Paid $16,000 per mile of flat land $48,000 per mile through mountains

6. Steel replaces iron • Steel is purified iron ore and better than iron • Andrew Carnegie was responsible for the growth of the US steel industry. • Produced his own steel at a lower cost and did so more quickly. • Steel then replaced iron and became the most important building material in the industrial era

7. Discovery of “black gold” • Black Gold- oil • Oil had to be refined to be useful • John D Rockefeller created Standard Oil Company that controlled 90% of the refining industry • Rockefeller created a monopoly or total control in an industry. • He did this by setting prices and controlling supply

8. Inventions • Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone which dramatically changed communication • Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, motion picture camera, light bulb, and the electrical power plant • Patent- legally prevents someone from coping another persons invention

9. Inventions Timeline • With a partner create a timeline of when you think the following major inventions happened. (1900-2012) 1.HD TV 7.The computer mouse 2.Car 8.YouTube 3.Helicopter 9.the first video game 4.Velcro 10.airplane 5.McDonalds 11.Air Conditioner 6.Mobile phones 12.Atomic Bomb

10. Manufacturing • Henry Ford in 1903 complete the first car or “horseless carriage” • Assembly line- Ford used to create cars more quickly and efficiently. One person responsible for one part. The car traveled along a conveyer belt as each person added their part • Able to produce 146 cars per hour or 1 car every 25 seconds

11. Robber Barons or captains of industry • Some people considered Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford to be thieves that took advantage of their workers and destroyed competitors • Others saw them as captains of industry who made the United States into the greatest industrial power in the world. • WHAT DO YOU THINK?

12. Answer questions 1-5 on page 389 • Summarizing- Describe the building of the first transcontinental railroad. • How did steelmaking change between 1850 and 1900? • Why are the growth of railroads and steelmaking examples of the Industrial Revolution in America? • How did Edison, Rockefeller, Graham Bell, and Ford change the way people lived • What problems might have been created by the growth of industry?

13. Journal Entry (Ch.17.2) • Read pages 390-392 • Write an journal entry (2 paragraphs) from the perspective of a family moving into the city for work. You can choose to be a farmer or an immigrant. • Make sure you explain why you are moving into the city. • Tell where you are from (what state/country) and where you are settling (city/state). • Describe how your new life is different. From your house to your surroundings

14. Changes to farming • New methods – rotating crops, fertilizers • New tools – steel plows and tractors • Transportation – improved market for selling goods • Problems – new methods and equipment meant less farmers needed; • Urbanization – farmers moved to cities in look for jobs

15. Ellis Island • Immigration station off the coast of New York where immigrants were made to stop to go through a series of exams before entering the U.S.

16. Immigration • Industries needed workers • Immigrants from Poland, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Greece, Turkey • Settled in Northeast and Midwest • Chinese – brought in for railroads, settled in California • Industrial development still slow in south

17. Problems in Cities • New jobs - teachers, doctors, bankers, lawyers, service (restaurants, police, fire fighters) • Problems – Overcrowding, poverty • Tenements – small run down apartment buildings often shared by many families • Rich became richer • Construction of skyscrapers

18. Populism • Inflation- rise in prices • Focused on meeting needs of common people • Gave farmers and workers a greater voice • Better working conditions, 8 hour work day, higher wages • Labor Unions – organized to give workers better wages and working conditions • Strike – shut down of factory organized by unions to get demands

19. Progressivism • Reform of city life, but not limited to cities • Jane Addams – Hull House • Initiative – voters propose laws • Referendum – voters vote directly • Sherman Anti-Trust Act – illegal for company to control entire industry • Teddy Roosevelt – 1st Progressive President – youngest president ever elected • The Jungle – book exposed meat packaging industry

20. Notes for Video • The Jungle • Name three problems mentioned in the video. • Identify 3 solutions to the problems mentioned.

21. Assembly Line • Engineer – traces stencil onto piece of paper • Production – Cuts outline out of paper • Assemblers - put boxes together • Efficiency Mgr/Quality Control – Takes notes on what group is doing right and wrong, how they can improve/ inspects quality of boxes – throws out poor quality boxes

22. Cottage Industry • Job titles • Same as above but there are only three students in a group. 2 students split the jobs of Engineer, Production, and Assembler, while 3rd is Efficiency Mgr/Quality Control