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Pnictogens (Nitrogen Group)

Pnictogens (Nitrogen Group). Gabrielle Merlino Lauren LaRosa John Burns. History.

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Pnictogens (Nitrogen Group)

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  1. Pnictogens (Nitrogen Group) Gabrielle Merlino Lauren LaRosa John Burns

  2. History Nitrogen was discovered by Rutherford in 1772. He called it noxious air or fixed air because there it had been known since the late 18th century that there was a fraction of air that did not support combustion. Nitrogen was also studied by Scheele, Cavendish and Priestley who referred to it as burnt air or phlogisticated air.

  3. Elements The nitrogen group is a periodic table group consisting of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi) and ununpentium (Uup)

  4. Reactions • Antimony- • Reaction with air: Trioxide antimony(III) oxide Sb2O3 • Reaction with water: Trioxide antimony(III) oxide Sb2O3 • Reaction with Halogens: Reacts w/ F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 • Reaction with Acids: Sulphur(IV) dioxide gas • Bismuth- • Reaction with air: Trioxide bismuth(III) oxide Bi2O3 • Reaction with water: Trioxide bismuth(III) oxide Bi2O3 • Reaction with Halogens: Reacts w/ F2 • Reaction with Acids: Dissolves in concentrated sulphuric and nitric acid • Nitrogen- • Reaction with air: None • Reaction with water: Dissolves • Reaction with Halogens: None • Reaction with Acids: None • Phosphorous- • Reaction with air: Glows in dark • Reaction with water: None • Reaction with Halogens: Reacts vigorously with all Halogens • Reaction with Acids: Doesn’t react with dilute non-oxidizing acids • Arsenic- • Reaction with air: Stable • Reaction with water: None • Reaction with Halogens: None • Reaction with Acids: None

  5. Common Uses Nitrogen- Ammonia Phosphorus- Fertilizers and pesticides Arsenic- Bronzing and pyrotechnics Antimony- semiconductors Bismuth- catalyst in production of metals

  6. Nitrogen • Valence Electrons- 5 • Radii- 70pm • Ionization- • 1st ionization energy: 1402.3 kJ mol-1 • 2nd ionization energy: 2856 kJ mol-1 • 3rd ionization energy: 4578 kJ mol-1 • Electronegativity- 3.04

  7. Phosphorus • Valence Electrons- 5 • Radii- 100pm • Ionization- • 1st ionization energy: 1011.7 kJ mol-1 • 2nd ionization energy: 1903.2 kJ mol-1 • 3rd ionization energy: 2911.9 kJ mol-1 • Electronegativity- 2.19

  8. Arsenic • Valence Electrons- -3, 0, +3, or +5 • Radii- 139pm • Ionization- • 1st ionization energy: 946.5 kJ mol-1 • 2nd ionization energy: 1797.8 kJ mol-1 • 3rd ionization energy: 2735.4 kJ mol-1 • Electronegativity- 2.18

  9. Antimony • Valence Electrons- 5 • Radii- 140pm • Ionization- • 1st ionization energy: 833.7 kJ mol-1 • 2nd ionization energy: 1594.9 kJ mol-1 • 3rd ionization energy: 2441.1 kJ mol-1 • Electronegativity- 2.05

  10. Bismuth • Valence Electrons- 5 • Radii- 160 pm • Ionization- • Ionization Energy (1st) 703 kJ mol-1 • Ionization Energy (2nd) 1610 kJ mol-1 • Ionization Energy (3rd) 2466 kJ mol-1 • Electronegativity- 2.02

  11. Physical Properties The appearance of the Group 15 elements varies widely. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless gas phosphorus exists in white, red and black solid forms arsenic is found in yellow and grey solid forms antimony is found in a metallic or grey form and finally bismuth is a white, crystalline, brittle metal. These appearances reflect the changing nature of the elements as the Group is descended, from non-metal to metal.

  12. Melting Points Nitrogen: -209.86 degrees Celsius Phosphorus: 44.1 degrees Celsius Arsenic: 1090 K Antimony: 903.89 K Bismuth: 271.3 degrees Celsius

  13. Boiling Points Nitrogen: -195.8 degrees Celsius Phosphorus: 280.3 degrees Celsius Arsenic: 886 K Antimony: 1860 K Bismuth: 1560 degrees Celsius

  14. Densities Nitrogen: 1.251 g/L Phosphorus: (white) 1.823, (red) ≈ 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69 g·cm−3 Arsenic: 5.727 g·cm−3 Antimony: 6.697 g·cm−3 Bismuth: 9.78 g·cm−3

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