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Resonance and Line Structures

Resonance and Line Structures. [HCO 2 ] -. Any common octet breaking atoms? How many electrons are present? What is the central atom? Draw a skeletal structure Add electrons: do you have enough to give all atoms octets? Yes? Then minimize formal charges if needed.

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Resonance and Line Structures

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  1. Resonance and Line Structures

  2. [HCO2]- • Any common octet breaking atoms? • How many electrons are present? • What is the central atom? • Draw a skeletal structure • Add electrons: do you have enough to give all atoms octets? • Yes? Then minimize formal charges if needed. • No? Then add double bonds until you have enough electrons. • Is it one that is typically found to have less? • Is there any reason you chose those double bonds rather than placing it elsewhere? • No? Then draw resonance structures to show all equally likely structures • Label each with the formal charge

  3. O3 • Any common octet breaking atoms? • How many electrons are present? • What is the central atom? • Draw a skeletal structure • Add electrons: do you have enough to give all atoms octets? • Yes? Then minimize formal charges if needed. • No? Then add double bonds until you have enough electrons. • Is it one that is typically found to have less? • Is there any reason you chose those double bonds rather than placing it elsewhere? • No? Then draw resonance structures to show all equally likely structures • Label each with the formal charge

  4. [SO3]2- • Any common octet breaking atoms? • How many electrons are present? • What is the central atom? • Draw a skeletal structure • Add electrons: do you have enough to give all atoms octets? • Yes? Then minimize formal charges if needed. • No? Then add double bonds until you have enough electrons. • Is it one that is typically found to have less? • Is there any reason you chose those double bonds rather than placing it elsewhere? • No? Then draw resonance structures to show all equally likely structures • Label each with the formal charge

  5. Back through N2O • Any common octet breaking atoms? • How many electrons are present? • What is the central atom? • Draw a skeletal structure • Add electrons: do you have enough to give all atoms octets? • Yes? Then minimize formal charges if needed. • No? Then add double bonds until you have enough electrons. • Is it one that is typically found to have less? • Is there any reason you chose those double bonds rather than placing it elsewhere? • No? Then draw resonance structures to show all equally likely structures • Label each with the formal charge

  6. Line Structures: CH3CHCH2COOH • Rules • The end of a line, or a corner is a carbon • All hydrogens attached to a carbon are assumed to be there. Do not draw them. • Don’t forget the three hydrogens attached to the carbon at an end of a line are there! • Heteroatoms: aka atoms other than C and H, need to be written in. • All hydrogens attached to heteroatoms must be drawn in.

  7. Line Structures: NH2CH2CH(OH)CH3 • Rules • The end of a line, or a corner is a carbon • All hydrogens attached to a carbon are assumed to be there. Do not draw them. • Don’t forget the three hydrogens attached to the carbon at an end of a line are there! • Heteroatoms: aka atoms other than C and H, need to be written in. • All hydrogens attached to heteroatoms must be drawn in.

  8. Benzene • C6H6 • 6-membered ring • Draw the lewis structure • Be sure to include any resonance structures • Draw the line structure • Be sure to include any resonance structures

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