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Civil Engineering Department C ollege of Engineering Course: Soil and Rock Mechanics (CE 260)

Civil Engineering Department C ollege of Engineering Course: Soil and Rock Mechanics (CE 260). Lecturer: Dr. Frederick Owusu-Nimo. Soil Block Diagram. Soil Block Diagram. Volume of Voids, Vv = Va + Vw. W = Mg. Weight / Mass relationship.

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Civil Engineering Department C ollege of Engineering Course: Soil and Rock Mechanics (CE 260)

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  1. Civil Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringCourse: Soil and Rock Mechanics(CE 260) Lecturer: Dr. Frederick Owusu-Nimo

  2. Soil Block Diagram

  3. Soil Block Diagram Volume of Voids, Vv = Va + Vw W = Mg

  4. Weight / Mass relationship • Water Content (w) is the ratio of weight of water to weight of solids expressed as percentage in terms of weight or in terms of mass • Obtained by drying wet sample in oven maintained at 105 - 110°C

  5. Unit Mass (Density) or Unit Weight • Bulk Unit Weight is total weight over total volume • Bulk Unit Mass ( Bulk Density) • Usually, when we say unit weight, we imply the bulk unit weight or wet unit weight

  6. Unit Mass (Density) or Unit Weight • Dry Unit Weight is weight of solids divided by total volume • Dry Unit Mass ( Dry Density) • Relationship between Dry and Wet Unit weight

  7. Determination of Density • For Cohesive Soils : Bulk density is determined using the core-cutter method. • For Granular or Cohesion less Soil: The bulk density is determined by the Sand replacement method

  8. Weight / Mass relationship • Specific Gravity (Gs) : of Soil particles or solids is the ratio of unit weight of solids (weight of solids divided by volume of solids) to unit weight of water or • Range of Gs for common minerals is 2.55 – 2.75

  9. Volume relationships • Void Ratio (e) : is the ratio of volume of voids to volume of solids expressed as a decimal fraction. • Porosity (n) : is the ratio of volume of voids to total volume expressed as a percentage. • Relationship between e and n • Degree of Saturation (Sr) • Air void Content (Χ)

  10. Relationship among Sr, e, w and Gs

  11. Example 1 • For a soil specimen; Given that • The moist mass of soil specimen is 20.7 kg • Specimen’s volume measured before drying is 0.011m3 • Specimens dried mass is 16.3kg • Specific gravity of solids is 2.68 • Determine • Void ratio • Degree of Saturation • Wet unit mass, dry unit mass • Wet unit weight • Dry unit weight

  12. Example 2 • For an undisturbed sample; Given that • Void ratio = 0.78 • Water content = 12% • Specific gravity of solids = 2.68 • Determine • Wet unit weight • Dry unit weight • Degree of saturation • Porosity

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