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1.3 Incremental Changes: Wind, Water, and Ice

Explore the forces of wind, water, and ice weathering on rocks, sedimentation, landslides, and glacier formations. Understand mechanical, chemical, and biological weathering effects with examples and landform creation due to fluvial action.

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1.3 Incremental Changes: Wind, Water, and Ice

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  1. 1.3 Incremental Changes: Wind, Water, and Ice

  2. Weathering – the process that wears down rocks and other objects • Erosion – the process that moves soil from one place to another

  3. Deposition – process of eroded materials being laid down or deposited by wind, water, and ice • The principle of superposition states that any sedimentary rock in a horizontal section of layered rock is younger than the rock just beneath it.

  4. Mechanical Weathering – when rock is broken apart by physical forces, such as water or wind. • Ex. – Fast flowing streams break down rocks or water freezing in rock cracks. • Wind – air in motion

  5. Chemical Weathering – when water in the air combines with chemical substances in the air. • Ex. Acid rain or pop spilled on the road

  6. Biological Weathering – wearing away of rocks by living things. • Ex. Plants growing through cement or animals burrowing tunnels

  7. Sediment – silt, sand, mud, and gravel carried by flowing rivers. • Sedimentation – process of sediments being deposited on surface features. • Fluvial Landforms – landforms created by running water. • Sediments

  8. Where is the Sediment?

  9. Aerial photograph showing the sediment plume from Moore Creek entering Dog River. • This picture was taken by Gerritt Carver just after the heavy rainfall associated with Hurricane Georges in September 1998

  10. Landslides – sudden and fast movements of rocks and soil down a slope. • Glacier – moving mass of ice and snow. • Bedrock – layer of solid rock beneath the loose rock fragments

  11. Picture of a glacier in Kluane National Park under the diminishing rays of the sun in the Yukon Territory.

  12. These huge rivers of ice are speeding toward the ocean. There three things can happen: the ice melts, it merges into an ice shelf or sloughs off to become a free-floating iceberg.

  13. Examples • Landslide formation • Landslide

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