America Claims an Empire

1. CHAPTER America Claims an Empire 18 Overview Time Lines 1 Imperialism and America SECTION 2 The Spanish-American-Cuban War SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands SECTION 4 America as a World Power SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. Science and Technology THEMES IN CHAPTER 18 Constitutional Concerns CHAPTER America Claims an Empire 18 HOME “In the field of trade and commerce, we shall be the keen competitors of the richest and greatest powers, and . . . we shall bring the sweat to their brows.” Secretary of State John Hay, 1899

3. What do you know? • How would you react if the United States took over another country? If you oppose it under any circumstances, why? If you think it might be all right under certain circumstances, what would they be? CHAPTER America Claims an Empire 18 HOME “In the field of trade and commerce, we shall be the keen competitors of the richest and greatest powers, and . . . we shall bring the sweat to their brows.” Secretary of State John Hay, 1899

4. 1898 The U.S.S. Maine explodes and sinks.Spanish-American-Cuban War is fought. 1899John Hay issues first Open Door notes, calling for equal trading opportunities in China. The United States annexes the Philippine Islands. 1914Panama Canal opens. U.S. troops invade Mexico. 1893Hawaiian revolution overthrows Queen Liliuokalani. CHAPTER Time Line 18 HOME The United States

5. 1895Sino-Japanese War ends in Japanese victory over China. 1899Boxer Rebellion begins in China. 1903Republic of Panama is formed. 1904Russo-Japanese War begins. 1910The Mexican Revolution begins. 1915Venustiano Carranza assumes power in Mexico. CHAPTER Time Line 18 HOME The World

6. Learn About economic and cultural factors that shaped American foreign policy at the turn of the century. To Understand why the United States became an imperial power. SECTION 1 Imperialism and America HOME

7. SECTION 1 Imperialism and America HOME Key Idea Economic and cultural factors convince U.S. policymakers to join the competition for new markets in territories overseas, including Hawaii.

8. Political & military rivalry with other imperialist powers. POLITICAL Construction of a modern naval fleet. Foreign trade as the solution to overproduction, unemployment, and economic depression. Combining the philosophies of Social Darwinism with Anglo-Saxon superiority. ECONOMIC CULTURAL Economic competition among industrial nations. Missionary impulse to spread Christianity. SECTION 1 Imperialism and America HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What are some of the key events and concepts that illustrate the roots of U.S. imperialism? ROOTS OF U.S. IMPERIALISM

9. DEVELOPING HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE To what extent might the mid-19th century belief in manifest destiny have set the stage for the new American imperialism at the end of the century? THINK ABOUT • why westward expansion might inspire overseas expansion • justifications for imperialism • Senator Beveridge’s remark, “Fate has written our policy for us . . .” SECTION 1 Imperialism and America HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. SYNTHESIZING Why did the United States want to annex Hawaii? SECTION 1 Imperialism and America HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the causes and course of the Spanish-American-Cuban War. To Understand how and why the United States gained control of Spain’s former colonial possessions. SECTION 2 The Spanish-American-Cuban War HOME

12. SECTION 2 The Spanish-American-Cuban War HOME Key Idea The United States goes to war with Spain over Cuban independence and emerges with colonies in Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands.

13. DATE NEWSPAPER HEADLINES April 20, 1898 May 1, 1898 July 25, 1898 August 12, 1898 February 6, 1899 SECTION 2 The Spanish-American-Cuban War HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What newspaper headlines would explain the significance of the following dates related to the Spanish-American-Cuban War? February 15, 1898 Battleship Maine Mysteriously Explodes and Sinks Near Cuban Coast; Over 260 Americans Die U.S. Goes to War with Spain Admiral Dewey Streams into Manila Bay and Destroys Spanish Fleet U.S. Troops Invade Puerto Rico War Over! U.S. and Spain Sign Armistice Senate Passes Treaty of Paris

14. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS What do you think were the unstated editorial policies of the yellow press? THINK ABOUT • journalist James Creelman’s account of Spanish atrocities against Cubans on page 530 • why Hearst reportedly said to Remington, “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.” • the Journal’s headline about the explosion of the battleshipMaine SECTION 2 The Spanish-American-Cuban War HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. FORMING OPINIONS If you were a member of the 1898 Congress, would you have voted to declare war on Spain? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • events that fueled the U.S. conflict with Spain • the public’s opinion of the war • the success of McKinley’s diplomatic measures in resolving the crisis • the debate in Congress before the declaration of war SECTION 2 The Spanish-American-Cuban War HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About U.S. relations with Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. To Understand how American imperialism developed across the globe. SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands HOME

17. SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands HOME Key Idea The United States encounters continuing conflict in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, as well as in its attempt to expand trade with China.

18. 1899 Aguinaldo’s armed revolt sparks Philippine-American War. 1901 Platt Amendment authorizes U.S. intervention in Cuba. 1917Congress grants U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans. 1900Foraker Act denies U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans and gives the U.S. president partial control over their government. McKinley is reelected as president. SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands HOME 3 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What key events related to U.S. relations with Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines occurred between 1899 and 1917?

19. ANALYZING ISSUES How did U.S. foreign policy at the turn of the century affect actions taken by the United States toward China? THINK ABOUT • why the United States wanted access to China’s markets • the purpose of the Open Door notes SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. FORMING OPINIONS Do you think that America was justified in its policy of overseas expansion? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • Andrew Carnegie’s comment about U.S. exports • economic advantages of imperialism for the United States • William Jennings Bryan’s comment • Carl Schurz’s warnings about the expense of imperialism SECTION 3 Acquiring New Lands HOME 33 Section Assessment

21. Learn About American involvement in the Russo-Japanese War, the building of the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution. To Understand how and why Presidents Roosevelt and Wilson used American military and economic power around the world. SECTION 4 America as a World Power HOME

22. SECTION 4 America as a World Power HOME Key Idea Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson continue to use American military power in territories around the world, including Panama and Mexico.

23. USING AMERICAN POWER Roosevelt Wilson Formulated “missionary diplomacy”. Helped mediate the settlement in Russo-Japanese War. Launched construction of the Panama Canal. Ordered U.S. military occupation of Veracruz. Formulated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. Sent General Pershing and expeditionary forces to pursue Pancho Villa. SECTION 4 America as a World Power HOME 4 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING During their presidencies, how did Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson use American power around the world?

24. COMPARING AND CONTRASTING What do you think were the similarities and differences between Roosevelt’s “big stick” diplomacy and Wilson’s “missionary diplomacy”? THINK ABOUT • the goals of each of these foreign policies • how they defined the role of U.S. intervention in international affairs • how they were applied SECTION 4 America as a World Power HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. ANALYZING CAUSES In your opinion, should the United States have become involved in the affairs of Colombia, Nicaragua, and Mexico during the early 1900s? THINK ABOUT • the effect of the Roosevelt Corollary • the implication of Wilson’s “missionary diplomacy” • the results of dollar diplomacy SECTION 4 America as a World Power HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 18 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. What three factors spurred the new American imperialism? 2. How did Queen Liliuokalani’s goal conflict with one of the American imperialists’ goals? 3. Why was American opinion about Cuban independence divided? 4. Briefly describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898. 5. Why was the United States interested in events in Puerto Rico?

27. 18 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. What sparked the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, and how was it crushed? 7. What three key beliefs about America’s industrial capitalist economy were reflected in the Open Door policy? 8. What conflict triggered the war between Russia and Japan? 9. Which of Admiral Mahan’s goals for becoming a world power were achieved before Roosevelt’s presidency in 1901? 10. Explain Woodrow Wilson’s “missionary diplomacy”.