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Ancient Civilizations

Ancient Civilizations. The Olmec & The Maya. The Olmec. What’s Different?. Olmec. Mayan. Physical Environment. Oldest city—San Lorenzo Present day Mexico Located near a river. Architecture. Pyramid like Buildings First to build 2 story houses Made houses out of clay

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Ancient Civilizations

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  1. Ancient Civilizations The Olmec & The Maya

  2. The Olmec

  3. What’s Different? Olmec Mayan

  4. Physical Environment • Oldest city—San Lorenzo • Present day Mexico • Located near a river

  5. Architecture • Pyramid like Buildings • First to build 2 story houses • Made houses out of clay • Cities were centered around a grand ceremonial mound

  6. Language • Mixe–Zoquean (spoken) • May have been first to develop writing system • Used symbols

  7. Scientific Knowledge • Writing system • Long count calendar system • Concept of Zero • Ballgame

  8. Leisure Activities • “Mesoamerican Ballgame”

  9. Religious Activities • Religious activities were performed by Shamans • Beliefs centered upon a jaguar God • Bloodletting ceremonies

  10. Governing Structure • Hierchial • Rulers

  11. Economic Activities • Trade Systems

  12. The Mayan

  13. Physical Environment • Present day southern Mexico, Guatemala, northern Belize

  14. Architecture • Stepped pyramids • Plazas • Acropolis • Ball sites • Cave sites • Observatories

  15. Language • Fully Developed written system

  16. Scientific Knowledge • Writing • Hieroglyphs • Counting system • Mathematical

  17. Leisure Activities • Art • Ballgames • Music

  18. Religious Beliefs • Rituals • Ceremonies • Human sacrifice • Maize God • Based on celestial cycles

  19. Governing Structure • Polity—headed by a hereditary ruler

  20. Economic Activity • Trade system

  21. The Mound builders Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian

  22. Physical Environment • From Great Lakes to Gulf of Mexico & the Mississippi to the Appalachian Mountains

  23. Architecture • Built Mounds for religious, ceremonial & burial purposes • Flat-topped pyramids

  24. Language • Petroglyphs • No writing system

  25. Scientific Knowledge • Cultivation of corns, beans & squash • Made tools & weapons

  26. Leisure Activities • Pottery • Wove baskets • Carved canoes • Sewing

  27. Religious Beliefs • Animal spirits • Weather spirits • Ancestor Spirits

  28. Governing Structure • Elite class-ruling class • Common class-Food producers/labor force

  29. Economic Activity • Trade

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