Warm Up: Images Notes on: War in the Pacific Closing Activity: Quotes Review

1. Warm Up: ImagesNotes on: War in the PacificClosing Activity: QuotesReview

2. Images

7. Japanese Victories -Pearl Harbor -Preemptive attack on U.S. – massive destruction -Victories in much of the Pacific Conquering colonies unable to defend themselves well = Japanese Empire -MacArthur retreats from the Philippines - Ordered by Roosevelt to leave “Bataan Death March” -70,000 forced to march (Filipinos and Americans) – 5,000-11,000 will never make it due to 60 miles of quick pace marching with no water or food -MacArthur pledges to return Commander of Pacific Allied Forces

8. America Recovers -Bombing of Tokyo April 1942 Doolittle Raids – Boost U.S. morale and lowers Japan’s morale -Coral Sea Battle air power in the navy – done by airplanes launching off carriers – stop Japan in its tracks and forced to turn back. (First time since Pearl Harbor – Allies win)

9. America Recovers -Battle of Midway, 1942 Adm. Chester Nimitz – Commander of the U.S. Navy inflicted great damage to much larger Japanese fleet Hit with torpedoes and bombs -Japan never recovered its naval power Planes were still on carriers when destroyed

10. America Recovers -Bombing of Tokyo April 1942 Doolittle Raids – Boost U.S. morale and lowers Japan’s morale -Coral Sea Battle air power in the navy – done by airplanes launching off carriers – stop Japan in its tracks and forced to turn back. (First time since Pearl Harbor – Allies win) Battle of Midway, 1942 Adm. Chester Nimitz – Commander of the U.S. Navy inflicted great damage to much larger Japanese fleet Hit with torpedoes and bombs -Japan never recovered its naval power Planes were still on carriers when destroyed

11. America Recovers -Bombing of Tokyo April 1942 Doolittle Raids – Boost U.S. morale and lowers Japan’s morale -Coral Sea Battle air power in the navy – done by airplanes launching off carriers – stop Japan in its tracks and forced to turn back. (First time since Pearl Harbor – Allies win) Battle of Midway, 1942 Adm. Chester Nimitz – Commander of the U.S. Navy inflicted great damage to much larger Japanese fleet Hit with torpedoes and bombs -Japan never recovered its naval power Planes were still on carriers when destroyed

12. Island Hopping -as the U.S. built its naval and air advantage the Japanese fortified every island Trying to keep Allies from gaining support on the islands -U.S. bypasses many island and takes weaker ones for airfields Stronger islands could then be bombed from the weaker ones -Guadalcanal, 1942 Japan’s first defeat on land – took 6 mo. To conquer -Philippines, 1944 Marks MacArthur’s return – 178,000 troops and 738 ships

13. High Costs -Japanese defending with every man kamikaze attacks – suicide-plane attacks – pilots crash their planes into Allied ships; 424 missions, 16 ships sunk, 80 damaged -Iwo Jima, 1945 – Critical location – could bomb Japan from it 6,000 Marines die – Taking the island – 200 Japanese will survive out of 20,700

14. High Costs -Roosevelt dies Stroke, Truman becomes President

15. High Costs -Okinawa, 1945 higher death totals – 1,900 kamikaze attacks – sink 30 ships killing 5,000. Land battle: 7,600 die in land war J: 110,000 died -warnings of what invasion would cost Estimated at potential losses of millions of American lives and at least 500,000 British

16. Manhattan Project -about 600,000 people worked in the project Only a few knew the final purpose – even Truman did not known about it until he was Pres. -J. Robert Oppenheimer led the project at Los Alamos NM Head scientist -some scientists urged the gov’t not to use the weapon Test of an initial bomb showed magnitude of the bombs power -Truman made the decision to use the weapon on Japan Had no doubts about dropping the bomb – warns Japan that w/o surrender it would face “prompt and utter destruction”

17. Ultimate Weapon -Before atomic weapon was used, airdrops of leaflets urged Japanese to surrender -Japanese leaders refuse to unconditionally surrender -August, 1945 the bomber Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb over Hiroshima – 43 sec. – city gone to dust – Japan still does not surrender -another bomb dropped on Nagasaki – 3 days later – levels half the city – 200,000 will die from injuries and radiation poisoning -Japanese surrender -V-J Day (Victory over Japan)

18. Ultimate Weapon -Before atomic weapon was used, airdrops of leaflets urged Japanese to surrender -Japanese leaders refuse to unconditionally surrender -August, 1945 the bomber Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb over Hiroshima – 43 sec. – city gone to dust – Japan still does not surrender -another bomb dropped on Nagasaki – 3 days later – levels half the city – 200,000 will die from injuries and radiation poisoning

19. Ultimate Weapon -Japanese surrender – Sept. 2nd – official surrender -V-J Day (Victory over Japan) U.S. Battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay for the ceremonies

20. Rebuilding the World -Yalta, 1945 meeting of the Big Three U.S.,G.B., and U.S.S.R. – begin to discuss the fate of the Axis powers and principles to govern the postwar world -Creation of the United Nations Roosevelt’s big idea becomes reality with U.S.S.R. and G.B.’s backing -Potsdam, July 1945 - compromise division of Germany Military occupation by Allied forces w/ eventual goal of reuniting

21. Rebuilding the World -Nuremburg Trials – Individuals are responsible for actions, even in war war crimes – crimes against humanity and peace several leaders executed – 12 of 24 – all others went to prison

22. Occupation of Japan -General Douglas MacArthur Commander of U.S. Forces in Japan – placed in charge of rebuilding Japan -reformed Japan’s economy Intro. To free market (Laissez-faire) practices helped the economy recover quickly -established democratic government Constitution w/ free elections – no discriminatory practices for voters -guaranteed basic freedoms and women’s suffrage Constitution still exists as Japan’s government a.k.a. The MacArthur Constitution

23. “I shall return” General Douglas MacArthur • “Tokyo bombed! Doolittle Do’od It” Newspaper Headlines April, 1942 • “Hell was red furry spiders as big as your fist, giant lizards as long as your leg, leeches falling from trees to suck blood, armies of white ants with bites of fire…Hell was an enemy hidden in the dark deep shadows, an enemy so fanatic that it used its own dead as booby traps.” Guadalcanal soldier Ralph Martin

24. “The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used.” President Harry Truman • “Today the guns are silent. The skies no longer rain death- the seas bear only commerce- men everywhere walk upright in the sunlight. The entire world is quietly at peace.” General Douglas MacArthur • “Beyond the zone of utter death in which nothing remained alive…Those who were inside were either killed or wounded…And the few who succeeded in making their way to safety generally died twenty or thirty days later from the delayed effects of the deadly gamma rays.” Hiroshima Observer, 1945

25. Quiz

26. After the defeat at Pearl Harbor, the next Japanese victory over America was here?

27. The turning point of the Japanese war was in this naval battle?

28. Name the Japanese city that was the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb?

29. This American leader though pledged to return and free the area from Japanese control?

30. Name of the war crimes trial that took place in Germany after the war when Holocaust horrors had been discovered?

31. Name one of the two islands taken by US Marines at a high casualty rate that symbolized the human cost of war?

32. These were the suicide bombing runs made by Japanese pilots near the end of the war?

33. Name the secret project that was begun early in the war and had been completed shortly after Germany surrendered?

34. Name the second city destroyed by an atomic bomb?

35. This became the U.S. war strategy as we decided to fight the Japanese only on strategic islands on our way towards the mainland?

36. Name the world organization that was formed shortly after the war finally ended?