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Warm Up:

Explore the concepts of homeostasis, pathogens, cancer, and the immune system. Learn about the body's defense mechanisms, types of pathogens, immunity, and diseases like AIDS. Discover how disruptions in homeostasis can lead to illness and the importance of vaccines.

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Warm Up:

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Warm Up: • What is homeostasis?

  2. Recall: Homeostasis is the regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life When homeostasis is disrupted disease can occur

  3. Immune System

  4. What is a pathogen? • Cause of infectious disease

  5. Types of pathogens • Virus • Bacteria • Fungus • Parasites • Protists These are microbes: microscopic organisms

  6. What is Cancer? • Characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth

  7. Why is cancer an example of the body not maintaining homeostasis? • Normally the body controls beginning and end of the cell cycle • If control is lost, abnormal or uncontrolled cell growth can lead to tumors

  8. The Immune System • Mechanisms in an organism that protects body against disease

  9. Antigen Substance foreign to the body that causes an immune response

  10. Body’s 1st Line of Defenses Barriers -Skin barrier -Chemical barriers (saliva, tears, nasal secretions) -Hydrochloric acid in stomach

  11. Body’s 2nd Line of Defenses Non-Specific Response -White blood cell use engulf pathogen

  12. Body’s 3rd Line of Defenses Specific Response involves lymphatic system which filters lymph and blood destroying foreign microorganisms Includes B cell and T cell response

  13. Antibodies • Proteins produced by B lymphocytes (B cells) that specifically react with a foreign antigen

  14. T cells Add this to your notes • Helper T cells activate antibody production in B cells and activates cytotoxic T cells • Cytotoxic T cells destroy pathogens and release chemicals

  15. White blood cells • Some WBCs mark pathogens for destruction while others engulf microbes during an immune response • And yet others produce antibodies

  16. Why do people rarely get the same disease twice? • Memory cells reduce the likelihood of developing the same disease twice

  17. Vaccine • Dead or weakened form of a virus used to stimulate an immune response

  18. Immunity • 2 Types • Inborn Immunity: immunity to disease at birth • Acquired Immunity: develops during lifetime

  19. Acquired Immunity Add this to your notes

  20. Add this to your notes Allergies • Reactions to usually harmless environmental antigens • Mast cells release histamines • Causes a localized inflammatory response • Swollen, itchy eyes, stuffy nose, sneezing • Pollen, dust, dust mites, food

  21. AIDS • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Attacks white blood cells (CD4) • Weakens patient’s immune system

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