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A HISTORY OF MARINE RESEARCH

A HISTORY OF MARINE RESEARCH. History BC. Ancient Pacific Islanders- Made 3 dimensional maps Phoenicians- First accomplished Western navigators Aristotle- First Marine Biologist. History Early AD. Vikings- Collected info on winds and currents Important Europeans

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A HISTORY OF MARINE RESEARCH

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  1. A HISTORY OF MARINE RESEARCH

  2. History BC • Ancient Pacific Islanders- Made 3 dimensional maps • Phoenicians- First accomplished Western navigators • Aristotle- First Marine Biologist

  3. History Early AD • Vikings- Collected info on winds and currents • Important Europeans • James Cook….1st to use a chronometer (a timepiece) to mark his position • Darwin, HMS Beagle… Natural Selection, theory of how coral atolls form • Capt. Thompson HMS Challenger- First oceanographic voyage

  4. Exploration and Research Vessels • Ships were the first research “tool” • HMS Beagle and Darwin • Formulated theory of natural selection • Proposed idea on formation of coral atolls • Wrote article on barnacles

  5. Marine Labs • First US lab was built in Woods Hole Mass • Permanent facilities to study marine biology allow scientists to do more with their research James J Howard Lab Sandy Hook, NJ

  6. HOW DO SCIENTISTS DO RESEARCH?

  7. Technology is used for • Transportation to study area • Observing and counting • Collecting organisms • Measuring physical properties • Studying movement • Identifying and cataloging • Compiling and analyzing data

  8. Transportation • Research Vessels (R/Vs) • Range of sizes • Carry equipment and accomodations • Manned Submersibles • Can travel to depths around 6500 m (21325 feet) • Remotely-Operated Vehicles (ROVs) • Can reach depths up to 7000 Meters • Safer and less expensive than MS’s

  9. RV FLIP– Boat that can be rotated 90 degrees Used to study things like sound in the ocean

  10. http://www.simrad.com/KS/WEB/NOKBG0240.nsf/AllWeb/FF4573C68B7317D7C12570EC003C0CAC?OpenDocumenthttp://www.simrad.com/KS/WEB/NOKBG0240.nsf/AllWeb/FF4573C68B7317D7C12570EC003C0CAC?OpenDocument Exploration and Research Vessels • Ships were the first research “tool” • Charles Thompson, HMS Challenger • First major oceanographic voyage • Collected samples and data for 3 years • Set the standard for ocean research

  11. Observing and counting • Sound • Sonar- Sends out a ping and waits for an echo • Used to measure depth and topography

  12. Observing and counting • Light • Used to measure sea temp., chlorophyll • Cameras • Videos • Satellites

  13. Collecting • Nets • Sediment cores and grabs • Bottles- snap shut at a chosen depth to collect water • SCUBA • Self contained underwaterbreathing apparatus

  14. Measuring physical properties temperature, salinity, current speed,the amount of light etc…… • Sonar • Satellites • Probes

  15. Studying movement • Tags • Cameras • Sonar • Nets • Satellites

  16. RAPA WHELK ACTIVITY

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