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World History

World History. Africa, India & the New British Empire, 1750-1870. Changes & Exchanges In Africa. Conflicts in grazing and farming lands led to new expansionist kingdoms such as the Zulus. Other nations formed as a protective measure. Changes & Exchanges In Africa.

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World History

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  1. World History Africa, India & the New British Empire, 1750-1870

  2. Changes & Exchanges In Africa • Conflicts in grazing and farming lands led to new expansionist kingdoms such as the Zulus. Other nations formed as a protective measure.

  3. Changes & Exchanges In Africa • New States emerged in West Africa too, through jihad, and led to the Sokoto Caliphate (1809-1906) • Sokoto & other Muslim states continued slave trade.

  4. Changes & Exchanges In Africa • Muhammad Ali (1805-1848) & grandson Ismail modernized Egypt. • Financial problems led to European occupation.

  5. Changes & Exchanges In Africa • Ethiopian kings recovered lost territories. After a brief brush with British forces & occupation, modernization programs continued.

  6. Changes & Exchanges In Africa • 1830 - France invades Algeria on a pretext of avenging an earlier insult. Muslim resistance united behind Abd al-Qadir. • Europeans settled by 1871.

  7. Changes & Exchanges In Africa • Slave revolts led to prohibition of slave trading by Britain & U.S., but Cuba & Brazil continued demand for slaves. • Africans expanded other trade. • New export – palm oil

  8. Changes & Exchanges In Africa • Missionaries founded schools for the British re-captives in Sierra Leone • Black Americans brought western culture to Liberia

  9. Changes & Exchanges In Africa • End of Atlantic slave trade shifted market to East Africa. • Secondary empires rose. • Egyptian expansion moved southward using slaves as it grew.

  10. India Under Company Rule • British East India Company (early 1800s) forced Mughal empire to recognize Company rule. Controlled Bombay presidency.

  11. India Under Company Rule • Before 1850: • relied on sepoy power, • disarmed Indian warriors, • free reign to missionaries • established private land ownership to ease taxes.

  12. India Under Company Rule • British created jobs in some sectors but contributed to the poor’s misery in others. • Caused the collapse of the traditional textile industry.

  13. India Under Company Rule • Sepoy Rebellion 1857 turning point in Indian history. • Queen Victoria proclaimed equal rights for all & freedom to practice religious & social customs.

  14. India Under Company Rule • Indian Civil Services ruled. • After 1857, gov’t. expanded production & export of agricultural commodities. • Gov’t. also built irrigation & sewage systems.

  15. India Under Company Rule • To regain control, Indians must reduce social & ethnic divisions • Rammouhan Roy & Brahmo Samaj movement tried to reconcile with western values to promote nationalism.

  16. India Under Company Rule • Indian National Congress -1885. • Argued for greater inclusion of Indians in Civil Service.

  17. Britain’s Eastern Empire • Britain expands in S. Africa, S.E. Asia & S. Caribbean. • Cape Colony – supply station on the way to India. • Great Trek – French & Dutch (Afrikaners) moving out

  18. Britain’s Eastern Empire • Thomas Raffles – established port of Singapore 1824 • Assam 1826; Burma 1852 • British interested in building free trade network, not in acquiring new lands.

  19. Britain’s Eastern Empire • Colonies became exporters of raw materials & agricultural goods and importers of manufactured products. • Technological advances in shipbuilding.

  20. Britain’s Eastern Empire • Sighted by the Portuguese in early 17th century. • New Zealand surveyed by James Cook 1769 & 1778 • Disease reduced population of Aborigines & Maori

  21. Britain’s Eastern Empire • Britain sent convicts to Australia, & after a gold rush in 1851, regular settlers. • Settlers came slowly to New Zealand until after 1860.

  22. Britain’s Eastern Empire • England turned power over to British settlers while Aborigines & Maori suffered discrimination. • Trade unions, availability of land & women can vote 1894.

  23. Britain’s Eastern Empire • 1834-1870 Labor needs met by free Africans, Chinese, Japanese and Indians. • Indentured servants – work for passage, housing, & salary for a pre-set number of years.

  24. Conclusion • What is most significant about this period is the European’s growing dominance of world commerce. These growing commercial exchanges could be mutually beneficial.

  25. Conclusion • Balance of power was shifting in the Europeans’ favor between 1750 and 1870. But local “issues” still survived.

  26. Conclusions • Some Asians & Africans were beginning to use European education, technology, & methods to transform their own societies & to challenge the West on its own terms.

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