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BIOMOLECULES

BIOMOLECULES. MACROMOLECULES made by polymerization -large compounds built by joining smaller ones together. Smaller units are called monomers. 4 major molecules important to life. Carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and proteins. BIO BUILDING BLOCKS. CARBOHYDRATES. 1:2:1 RATIO

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BIOMOLECULES

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  1. BIOMOLECULES • MACROMOLECULES • made by polymerization-large compounds built by joining smaller ones together. • Smaller units are called monomers. • 4 major molecules important to life. • Carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and proteins.

  2. BIO BUILDING BLOCKS

  3. CARBOHYDRATES • 1:2:1 RATIO • 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen • Main source of energy for living things • Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen • Also has structural purpose for living things. • Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose

  4. CARBOHYDRATES

  5. CARBOHYDRATES

  6. CARBOHYDRATES

  7. LIPIDS • Made of Carbon and Hydrogen. • NOT soluble in water • doesn’t mix with water • Used to store energy • Part of the cellmembrane. • Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds • Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between Carbons.

  8. LIPIDS

  9. LIPIDS - triglyceride

  10. Phospholipids – cell membrane component Phospholipids: fatty acids bound to glycerol, a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid. Phosphate group is hydrophilic—”water loving head” “Water fearing tails” are fatty acid chains—hydrophobic

  11. NUCLEIC ACIDS • Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. • Subunits are called nucleotides. • Store and transmit hereditary information. • Provide instructions for making proteins • Ex. DNA , RNA

  12. NUCLEIC ACIDS RNA—ribose DNA—deoxyribose

  13. NUCLEIC ACIDS - nucleotides

  14. PROTEINS • Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, and Nitrogen .(*Sulfur) • Monomers are called amino acids • Control rate of reactions (enzymes) • Function in transport and formation of bone and muscle cells. • Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.

  15. PROTEINS –amino acids

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