EO-1 Mission Status for NRO/NGA

EO-1 Mission Status for NRO/NGA Bryant Cramer Dan Mandl Stu Frye 13 January 2005

Overview • Mission Status • EO-1 Commitments • Mission Capabilities Summary • Funding Profile • Conclusion • Backup

EO-1 Status • Enough funding on-hand to operate through January 2005 • 3 month de-orbit to follow end of funding • EDC will likely shut down during de-orbit period since NASA can no longer cover their revenue shortfall with de-orbit funds - EDC costs are $135K/month and USGS is depending on NASA subsidy • All systems nominal – 9.7 kg fuel remaining for de-orbit burns • EO-1 has enough fuel to follow Landsat-7 in formation through September 2005 and remain within NASA de-orbiting guidelines • Orbital Debris Guidelines says re-entry duration should be < 25 years • Approx. 2 Kg fuel used per Inclination Burn (delta-I) every October to stay on WRS grid and follow L-7 • Memo has been prepared for NASA Management approval seeking variance from guide to allow EO-1 to fly through FY09

End-of-Life Re-entry Analysis • Re-entry Duration if EO-1 remains in formation with L-7 on WRS: • Re-entry Analysis Parameters Propagator = Bulirsch Stoer VOP (Step Size = 300 sec) Drag Coefficient (Cd) = 2.2 EO-1 Mass = 548.2 kg (Dry Mass) Solar Radiation Coefficient (Cr) = 1.5 EO-1 Area = 6.03 m^2 Drag Model = Schatten Predicted Mean Nominal Solar Cycle Earth Potential Model = JGM2 21x21 Third Bodies = Sun and Moon

EO-1 Commitments • January 2002 NASA Partnership with USGS/EDC setup for data sales, satellite downlink, L0/L1 processing/archive/distribution • March 2003 Agreement with NRO/USGS/NASA for hyperspectral image acquisition, data exploitation, and special projects • MOU formally signed December 2003 • Existing commitment will be completed 31 March 2005 • Agreements with NGA and NOAA • NOAA commitment completed 29 October 2004 • All NGA requests to date have been satisfied • ST-6 Mission flying on-board/utilizing EO-1 as an on-orbit testbed • Commitment to JPL to be completed 31 March 2005 • Ongoing volcano, wildfire, flood hazard Sensor Web demos and experiments in Mission Autonomy

NRO/NGA Support Provided • Over 1800 Community requested scene acquisitions delivered since March 2003 • Secure interface for data orders provided by EDC • EO-1 Principal Investigators and Scientists providing training to Community Researchers through Hyperspectral Workshops held specially for NRO/NGA • EO-1 PIs also providing Hyperspectral Data Analyses in exchange for data acquisitions of PI-requested sites • Demonstration of civilian agency (NASA/USGS/ISR team) value added in support of Dugway Controlled Release Experiment (May 2004) • EO-1 Team documented specialized hyperspectral data analysis techniques and developed a layered data product fusing output from multiple satellites

EO-1 Sensor Web • Volcano Tilt meters, Kilauea, Mauna Loa • USGS Hawaii volcano observatory Rapid deflation is eruption precursor: alert generated Fire rehabilitation Fuel map EO-1 responds to triggers and has onboard triggers for snow, water, ice, land, thermal and clouds Ground: MOPSS: Mission Operations Planning and Scheduling System(GSFC) SGM: Science Goal monitor(GSFC) ASPEN: Planning & scheduling (JPL) EPOS: Cloud screening (Draper) • MODIS (Terra and Aqua) used to detect hot spots for fires, volcanoes. Also, used for flood detection • MODVOLC • RapidFire • Dartmouth Flood Observatory On-board: ASE: Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (JPL) Livingstone (Ames) – Onboard diagnostic tool flood Volcano eruption detection & assessment Communication infrastructure: Cellular based architecture for spacecraft using phased array antennas (GSFC,GRC,Ga Tech, Univ. of Colorado) GOES used for cloud screening near real-time Ice breakup Users Triggers Onboard & Ground Tools

Piru/Simi/Verdale MODIS Old/Padua ALI MODIS ALI MASTER Landsat 5 Cedar/Paradise SPOT AirDAS Applying Horizontal Sensor Data Fusion for Southern California Wildfire Monitoring • Assets used: • EO-1 • SPOT • Aqua & Terra (MODIS) • Terra (ASTER) • Landsat 5 • MASTER • Aircraft (ER-2) based MODIS & ASTER • AirDas • Airborne Infrared Disaster Assessment System

EO-1 Capabilities and Operating Modes • Extended Mission Mode – A combination of Production Data Sales, Mission Autonomy Testbed, Value-added Product Development, and Science Analysis/Training Support • 20-30 pointing scenes per day with ALI and Hyperion ON for all • All scenes processed, archived, and orderable • Scientists keep an eye on instrument performance • Rapid response for priority collects (I.e., current configuration) • Possibility of Landsat Data Fill-in Mode (due to Landsat Failure) • 60-80 Nadir scenes per day in long strips (ALI-only - Hyperion OFF) • Refresh the U.S. Mainland every 80 days and supplement other fill-in needs for quarterly global refresh • Autonomy Testbed converts to Lights-out/Keep-It-Flying Mode • 8-9 scenes per day with full lights-out operations (lowest cost) • No science support, data processing, or special handling

Lifetime Data Analysis Summary • All systems fully functional after essentially 4 years on-orbit • Single failure has been ALI solar calibration aperture door • Infant mortalities are all behind us – looking now at long term wear-out/ radiation dosage effects • All life-limiting components have been analyzed by GSFC engineering and spacecraft manufacturer • No indicators of degradation have been observed • Based on Solar Array trend data, operations should remain power positive through 2008 before PSE parameter changes and/or operations scenarios would be affected • Radiation tolerance limits for some components reached after September 2008 We anticipate that fuel limitations will end the mission in Sept 2009

Financial Status • GSFC Operations = $3.8M FY04 plus USGS $240K augmentation • Revenue for GSFC Operations currently supplied by NRO, NGA, NOAA, ST-6, and Volcano Sensor Web demo (to be completed by Feb 05) • New costs of $805K incurred during FY04 for full cost coverage • $626K full-cost coverage received from HQ Aug 04 (Code Y-258 funds) • USGS/EDC costs = $1.2M per year • NASA contributed $0 in FY02, $110K in FY03, $240K in FY04, $285K so far in 05 • EDC FY04 shortfall ($305K) due to lowered scene price (lost $120K since January 2004 price reduction for imagery from $500 to $250 per scene) and increased bulk customer servicing costs • USGS projects that FY05 costs will be $1.6 million against expected data sales revenue of $900K • USGS is requesting an additional $720K/year if Landsat backfill option requires additional processing as described herein

Cost and Revenue Summary for EO-1 Operations and Science NASA Cloud Detection $170K ASE $150K & $400K+ 90K Livingtone $100K Sensor Web $500K Full Cost $615K 500K NASA Cost per Month 400K NASA $2M Extended Mission 300K NASA $7.5M Baseline post launch NIMA $600K NGA $400K 200K NRO $2M NRO $2M NASA De-Orbit set aside $1,060K USGS $400K 100K NOAA $200k EDC Shortfall Costs paid by NASA 2003 2005 2001 2002 2004 Launch 20 Nov 2000 Jan $842K $1,025K $878K USGS Commercial Data Sales (Kept by EDC for their OPS)

Additional Revenue Needs 3,334k

Conclusion • EO-1 is fully functional after 4 years on-orbit • Hydrazine will be depleted at the end of September 2009 • With a Waiver/Variance against the 25-year re-entry requirement the mission can be extended to the end of September 2009 • Life-Limiting components should work through September 2008 and mods to operating modes can push life through Sep 2009 • $1,060K De-orbit set-aside (FY04 funds) has been received at GSFC • De-orbit funds only cover nominal operations, flight software patch development and implementation, orbit lowering maneuver planning/execution, and other mission shutdown activities • Science, USGS subsidy, and autonomy testbed development activities to be shut down at start of de-orbit period to prevent cost over-runs

Conclusion (Landsat back-fill option) • EO-1 can usefully backfill Landsat-7: • Provide missing data • Image specific targets • Undertake full coverage of U.S. on an 80-day cycle • The total cost to do this is about $6M/year minus whatever revenue comes from outside sources • Supporting Landsat-7 is likely a fulltime job and may well compromise continued exploitation of unique EO-1 capabilities as well as future EO-1 revenue potential • Intensively supporting Landsat-7 may be in the best interest of maintaining Landsat Data Continuity • We need to decide by January 2005

Conclusion (Autonomy Option) • If new funding is found to continue the extended mission, a decision will be needed between • Using the funding at the nominal rate ($4-5M per year) to continue the operations with full capability, or • Implementing the maximum autonomy mode that would lower the cost ($1-2M per year) but would limit the science, data processing, special handling capabilities of the mission

Back up

Short-term Budget Spreadsheet(Depletion of Existing Funding - $K)

EO-1 Operations Cost Projection ($K) Notes: (1) Costs do not reflect de-orbit costs of 1060K at end of mission (2) Assumes that GN and SN continue to provide passes at no cost to project as in first 4 years of Ops (3) FY01 was a partial year since launch occurred Nov 2000 (4) For this exercise, we did not make assumptions for total $’s income from bulk customers (5) FY 05 is funded to about January 2005, therefore to complete FY 05 only requires approximately $2738K

Options to Backfill for Landsat-7 • One option is to maximize ALI imaging to support L-7 data needs (e.g., smaller swath size data orders) • ALI swath-width 37Km…ETM+ swath width 185Km • Reduce Hyperion/AC imaging to enable the maximum ALI acquisitions • Reduce or eliminate testbed activities • Two techniques are available • Yaw steering in nadir non-pointing mode • Captures one-fifth of L-7 path (long-duration images) • 15 WRS rows can be recorded (WARP 48 Gbits capacity) • Downlink at polar stations on successive orbits • Pointing to fill in selected targets (current mode) • Constrained to 2-3 rows due to band-to-band alignment issue • Can acquire 25-30 pointing scenes per day (185Km length)

Options (continued) • In nadir yaw steering mode • Periodically shift satellite nadir track to cover L-7 swath in 5 passes • Can do table loads to point at different nadir track for period of time • Includes splitting coverage so that nadir track could overlap edge of adjacent path to the flight path • It would take 80 days to capture most of the continental U.S. (16 cycle days x 5 ALI swaths per path) • Useable data will be reduced by clouds and available downlink bandwidth • Combinations of operating modes possible • Yaw steering mode for a few orbits • Pointing mode for the rest of the day • One strategy is to select tasking requests to match highly requested paid customer orders to the degree possible (see blue squares on next slide next slide)

Charts show count of L-7 paid orders from the EDC archive for L-7 full swath WRS data for last two years (courtesy USGS) (Note: does not include data orders directly downlinked to internationals) ALI can gather most of blue squares every 80 days, but cannot fulfill all requirements for global coverage refresh rate defined in Landsat Long Term Plan EO-1 cannot perform International Ground Station Direct broadcasts

ALI Coverage of CONUS 80 Day Repeat Cycle

Supporting Landsat-7 • Users ordering data through EDC have concentrated on the continental U.S. and a limited number of selected sites elsewhere • A substantial number of L-7 users don’t use the full 185Km swath width • ALI has only a 37Km swath width • Using ALI to systematically replicate the full swath width of L-7 is probably not an efficient use of EO-1 • We seek to define an ALI acquisition strategy that efficiently uses EO-1 to satisfy the largest number of EDC L-7 users by restricting collects to the Continental U.S. and selected targets overseas of special interest to the EDC user community – awaiting guidance from NASA Headquarters

Landsat Supplemental Upgrades • Flight and ground software upgrades to enable Landsat supplemental support • Handling large ALI files on-board (GSFC 3-4 months) • Switching between nadir yaw steering and pointing modes (USGS TBS months) • Flight Dynamics orbit data products (GSFC 3-4 months) • Ortho-rectified ALI level-1 processing code (USGS TBS months) • Upgrade to user friendly interface (USGS TBS months) • Cost shown in budget spreadsheet beginning in FY05 (back up slide)-Timing for when/if to implement upgrades needs discussion • Not all of the USGS cost impacts are in the spreadsheet • Increased service requirements to be negotiated with Ground Network management • USGS agreement will need revision

EO-1 Instrument Overviews Landsat 7 EO-1 EO-1 Parameters ETM+ ALI HYPERION AC * Spectral Range 0.4 - 2.4 µm 0.4 - 2.4 µm 0.4 - 2.5 µm 0.9 - 1.6 µm Spatial Resolution 30 m 30 m 30 m 250 m Swath Width 185 Km 37 Km 7.7 Km 185 Km Spectral Resolution Variable Variable 10 nm ** 3 - 9 nm Spectral Coverage Discrete Discrete Continuous Continuous Pan Band Resolution 15 m 10 m N/A N/A Number of Bands 7 10 220 256 * Excludes thermal channel ** 35/55 cm-1 constant resolution

Comparing ALI to Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 * ETM+ Pan band GSD is 15m but IFOV is 18m

Differences between ALI/ETM+ • Band-to-band spatial alignment procedures (yaw steering compensations) may be made compatible with the Landsat product by resampling, but work needs to be done to develop algorithms • Center wavelength (spectral) differences need work too • The NIR band split on ALI (band 4 and 4’) can be re-combined by post processing • Spectral responses of other bands on ALI differ from those of ETM+ • Level-0 ALI data may need to be degraded to match ETM+ • ALI data has better S/N and higher order quantization (12-bit radiometric resolution versus 8-bit ETM+)

EO-1 and Landsat 7Descending Orbit Ground Tracks EO-1 ALI EO-1 Atmospheric Corrector EO-1 Hyperion Landsat 7 ETM+ Landsat 7 ETM+ N (7.7 KM) (37 KM) (185 KM)

EO-1 Off-Nadir and Landsat 7Descending Orbit Ground Tracks EO-1 ALI EO-1 Atmospheric Corrector EO-1 Hyperion Landsat 7 ETM+ N

ALI Data Product Work To-Date • Stitched together Level 1G developed by EDC uses EO-1 GPS telemetry to calculate lat/lon metadata • Used by wildfire Burn Area Emergency Rehab map teams • Additional work on co-registration with ortho-rectified Landsat product on-going • Experimented with ALI to fill-in L-7 fringe data (abandoned) • EO-1 is taking islands and coastlines for L-7 supplemental • 78 different sites/128 images captured • ALI Image Assessment System development cross-support

EO-1 Mission Status for NRO/NGA