Work in the 21 st Century: An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology

1. Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology by Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte, 2/e

2. Chapter 1 An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology

3. Module 1.1:Fundamentals of I-O Psychology • Importance of I-O psychology • Importance of work in people’s lives • ? 1. According to Gardner (2002), what is the difference between “good work” and “good job?” What would be “good work” for you? • ? 2. What do you think was David Morris’ most challenging problem in developing a battery of tests for his job in Iraq? • What is I-O psychology? ? • 3. Explain how the scientist-practitioner model differentiates HR, labor relations from I/O psychology. • SIOP (Division 14 of APA) • Fields of I-O psychology • Personnel psychology • Organizational psychology • Human engineering

4. SIOP as a Resource • www.siop.org • History of I-O psychology • Membership information (incl. students) • Quarterly newspaper: TIP • JobNet • Educational institutions that offer graduate training programs in I-O psychology • List of SIOP publications

5. How This Course Can Help You • Knowledge about 21st century workplace • Course will address issues such as work stress, work-family balance, workplace discrimination, & leadership • ? 4. Add to the list of debatable questions on p. 12, an issue you believes needs to be addressed.

6. Module 1.2: The past, present, and future of I-O Psychology • The Past – Important Dates/Events in I-O Psychology • The Present – Demographics and Career Paths • Future Challenges to I-O Psychology

7. Three branches • ? 4. Which of the three branches of I-O is most interesting to you? Why? • ? 5. What caused you to decide to study I-O psych?

8. Important Dates in theEvolution of I-O Psychology Figure 1.1 Important Dates in the Evolution of I-O Psychology

9. Brief History of I-O Psychology • 1876-1930 • Hugo Munsterburg, James McKeen Cattell, Walter Dill Scott, & Walter Van Dyke Bingham • World War 1: Army Alpha & Army Beta Tests • 1917 – First Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology awarded to Lillian Gilbreth • Research in time & motion study → Human Engineering

10. Brief History of I-O Psychology (cont'd) • Why history? • ? 1. How could a better understanding of I-O history helped to avoid wasting time with emotional intelligence? • ? 2. What role did Harry Hollingworth play in Coca Cola’s success? • 1930-1964 • Hawthorne Studies, Human Relations • Human relations movement • Theories of motivation • Emotional world of the worker • Studies of job satisfaction • WWII • ? 3. Compare the skills needed to fly WWI and WWII aeroplanes. • Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII

11. Demographics of I-O Psychologists • In 2000, I-O psychologists represented about 6% of all APA members • In 2000, 30% of I-O psychologists in APA were women • Average salaries: • Ph.D. in I-O psychology: $90,000 • Masters in I-O psychology: $67,000

12. Where I-O Psychologists are Employed Figure 1.2 Where I-O Psychologists are Employed. Source: SIOP Survey (2002).

13. Preparing for a Career in I-O Psychology • Education & training • Getting into a graduate program • Consideration of GPA & GRE score(s) • Relevant coursework (e.g., statistics) • More emphasis on coursework than major

14. Challenges to I-O in 21st Century • I-O psychology needs to be: • Relevant • Useful • Grounded in scientific method

15. Personal computing Telecommuting & virtual teams Videoconferencing Providing a service vs. manufacturing “goods” Nature of work more fluid Teams vs. the individual Little stability Family-friendly workplaces Greater diversity Global workplace Changes in the Workplace Since 1980 Milton Montenegro/Getty Images

16. Module 1.3: Multicultural & Cross-Cultural Issues in I-O Psychology • Multiculturalism • Culture defined • System in which individuals share meaning & common ways of viewing events & objects • Sharing of meanings & interpretations Royalty-Free/CORBIS

17. Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis) Figure 1.3 The Dynamic of Top-Down-Bottom-Up Processes across levels of culture

18. Multicultural Nature of Work in the 21st Century • ? 1. In the U.S. do Asian Americans, Africian Americans, European Americans hold different cultural values? If so, what are some of the differences? • (CULTURE: “system in which individuals share meaning and common ways of viewing events and objects? Ronen, 1997) • Why should multiculturalism be important to you? • Why is multiculturalism important for I-O psychology? • Issues surrounding the global economy, expatriates, & the “West vs. the Rest” mentality

19. Theory of Cultural Influence • Hofstede’s 5 cultural dimensions • Individualism/collectivism • Power distance • Uncertainty avoidance • Masculinity/femininity • Long-term vs. short-term orientation

20. Cultural Differences Among Countries Figure 1.4 Cultural Differences among Countries Source: Hofstede, 1993, p.91.

21. Thoughts on Theories of Cultural Influence • Triandis’ variation on Hofstede’s dimension of individualism/collectivism • Horizontal cultures – those that minimize distances between individuals • Vertical cultures – accept & depend on distances between individuals

22. Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis) Figure 1.5 Triandis’s View of Cultural Determinants in the Workplace

23. Module 1.4:Themes & Course Structure • Themes: A) Unified Science B) Holistic Approach • Parts of the book: • Introduction • Industrial Psychology • Organizational Psychology • Work Environment

24. Module 4 (cont’d) • Resources • Paper (I-O Journals/Books) • Electronic: I-O websites (e.g., www.siop.org) • Case study • Provides example of complexity of work behavior