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Nationalism Triumphs in Europe Chapter 22

Explore the steps taken towards German unity, the key role of Bismarck, industrial growth, challenges faced, and the impact on Europe during the 19th century. From the influence of Napoleon to the creation of the German Empire through wars and diplomacy.

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Nationalism Triumphs in Europe Chapter 22

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  1. Nationalism Triumphs in EuropeChapter 22

  2. 22-1 Building a German Nation

  3. Steps Toward Unity • In the early 1800s, German speaking people occupied a number of medium sized states. • Impact of Napoleon • Napoleon reforms • Demand unified German state • German Confederation • Austria • Prussian Leadership • Created a fragmented economic union

  4. Bismarck and German Unity • In 1862 King William I of Prussia made Otto von Bismarckof Prussia, prime minister of Prussia, united the German states under Prussian rule. • Master of Realpolitik • Strengthening the Army • How did he get money? • War

  5. Wars with Denmark and Austria • Prussia and Austria “liberated” states from Denmark. • Austro-Prussian War • Austria annexed • Dissolved German Confederation • The Franco-Prussian War 1870

  6. The German Empire • The Second Reich • Delighted by the victory over France, princes from the southern German states and North German Federation William I of Prussia became Kaiser • Why second? • Two house legislature ruled by emperor and his chancellor

  7. 23-2 Strengthening Germany

  8. The German Industrial Giant • Economic Progress • Iron, coal, and _______ • Booming businesses in world market • Educated middle class • Growing population of _____ • Science, Government, and Industry • Science and technology • Single currency • Protective tariff

  9. The Iron Chancellor • Austria and Russia • Bismark targeted two groups he believed posed a threat to the German Empire: ____ and _____. • Campaign Against the Church • 1/3rd Catholic • Kulturkampf • Education • Priests • Civil marriages • Jesuits

  10. Campaign Against the Socialists • Fear of revolution against government • Dissolved groups and newspapers • Result: • Socialist Model • Accident insurance, health care, retirement benefits

  11. Kaiser William II • The new emperor succeeded in 1888, he made Bismarck resign in 1890. • Social welfare • Loyalty in education • Improved German navy

  12. 22-3 Unifying Italy

  13. Obstacles to Italian Unity • Stratified • Napoleon • Congress of Vienna • Austria in North, Hapsburg, French in Naples and Sicily • Mazzini’s Young Italy • Giuseppe Mazzini plots • The Tide of Nationalism • Economic sense • Language

  14. The Struggle for Italy • Intrigue With France • 1855 prime minister of Sardinia formed an alliance w/ France • Austria • Garibaldi’s Red Shirts • Unity at Last • Garibaldi turned over Naples and Sicily to Victor Emmanuel in Sardinia • Austro-Prussian War • Franco-Prussian War

  15. Challenges Facing the New Nation • Unification problems. Why? • Divisions • North and south • Church and government • Turmoil • Limited suffrage • Anarchists • How do countries promote internal unity? Why?

  16. Progress • Industrialization • Emigration • U.S., Canada, Latin America

  17. 22-4 Nationalism Threatens Old Empires • How did European powers divide up Ottoman lands?

  18. 22-5 Russia: Reform and Reaction • Describe the social structure that existed in Russia during the 1800s. • How did Russia industrialize? • Why was Bloody Sunday a turning point for the Russians?

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