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Honors Modern World EUROPEAN HISTORY Lesson #3 English Reformation

Explore the intriguing reign of Henry VIII and the English Reformation, including his marriages, children, and impact on the Church of England. Learn about his struggle for a male heir and the birth of the Anglican Church.

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Honors Modern World EUROPEAN HISTORY Lesson #3 English Reformation

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  1. Honors Modern WorldEUROPEAN HISTORYLesson #3English Reformation click

  2. House of Lancaster House of York House of Tudor The “Tudor Rose”

  3. TUDOR ENGLISH FAMILY TREE Henry VII Elizabeth of York Henry VII Margaret Mary Henry Catherine of Aragon Arthur Henry VIII ADORED Catherine of Aragon. Loved her most • Daughter of most power family in Europe (Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain) • He crushed on her from the day he met her When his brother died, Henry was thrilled to be allowed to marry his brother’s wife… with special permission from the Pope

  4. Henry VIII • Henry VIII was much more “fun” than his dad • He went hunting, and competed against other kings in tournaments and jousting • He had lots of girlfriends, too, and some had sons • He was OBSESSED with having sons • He died with only one legitimate son … a sickly young boy named Edward • He eventually married six times, had three kids, and lots of illegitimate kids with mistresses All three of Henry VIII’s kids eventually became kings (monarchs) of England • First Edward • Then “Bloody” Mary • Then Elizabeth “the Virgin Queen Anne’s description of Henry

  5. Catherine of Aragon • Henry adored his wife, Catherine of Aragon. • She got pregnant almost ten times. • All but one died. • Just one daughter lived past infancy. • AndCatherine grew, her body exhausted from pregnancies and complications. • By 1522 and she was 40, she was done trying to produce and heir for Henry • But Henry NEEDED sons 1m

  6. Henry VIII in context… • Remember how Henry’s dad became king • Remember how Henry BECAME king • (heir and a spare) • So… WHY WOULD HENRY AND ENGLAND FEEL IT’S HIS DUTY TO HAVE LEGITIMATE SONS FOR THE STABILITY OF THE NATION? • This issue became known as THE KING’S GREAT MATTER

  7. What options does he have?

  8. Henry’s options in 1522 • Catherine did produce one living child… a daughter, Mary… • Marry off Mary – hope she’d have a son • Problem… she was only 11 • Just declare Mary the next monarch • Problem, England had no history of a woman child monarch… or any woman, for that matter • Legitimize one of his illegitimate sons • Tested this by giving his favorite son, Henry Fitzroy title “Duke of Richmond” • Not accepted by other royals or nobles… • Find a new wife

  9. WHAT’S HENRY’S BEST OPTION?

  10. Divorce would be difficult • The Catholic Church does not “do” divorce, but marriages can be annulled, as long as they were not “consummated” • Henry could ask special permission from the pope, but WHY WOULD HE LIKELY REFUSE? • Also, Pope was currently a captive of the Holy Roman Emperor, who was also the King of Spain. What does Spain have to do with Catherine? • How does Spain rank on the {powerful nation scale}?

  11. So, maybe Henry can use this new fangled Protestant thing…

  12. King Henry’s opinion of the Protestants • Defense of the Seven Sacraments – Henry’s book • "But that others may understand how false and wicked his doctrine is, lest they might be so far deceived as to have a good opinion of him, I doubt not but in all parts there are very learned men… Seeing, therefore, he despiseth all men and believes none, he ought not to take it ill if everybody discredit him again. “ • In your words, what did Henry feel about protestants over in Germany? • Pope: DEFENDER OF THE FAITH

  13. Why might Henry actually consider becoming a Protestant, even though he hated Protestants?

  14. Solution the The King’s Great Matter • Act of Supremacy • He’d have to break from Rome • Problems… • Henry was a loyal Catholic • “Defense of the Seven Sacraments • Went to mass several times/day • Would alienate England • Would alienate the King from Catholics • Including Thomas More

  15. IN WHAT WAYS WAS HENRY NOT AT ALL SELFISH WITH THIS MOVE? Henry remained a loyal Catholic to the day of his death When he died, he did have a rightful heir…

  16. Act of Supremacy • Henry lost favor with Catherine, and fell in love with the sister of one of his mistresses, Anne Boleyn • Anne got pregnant, and Henry then married her • Henry was still married to Catherine • She gave birth to another girl, Elizabeth • Four months later, he had his first marriage annulled by Archbishop of Canterbury • Parliament legislated Act in 1534 • CHURCH OF ENGLAND was born

  17. Fine details, time permitting

  18. The Church of England • “Anglican” • No doctrinal changes under Henry • Henry closed down monasteries • Sold the land to supporters • Executed all who opposed him • Including Thomas More • Wrote Six Articles

  19. Edward VI • 1547-1553 • Book of Common Prayer (1549) • Dismantled images and altars • Destroyed stained glass, shines, statues • Vestments prohibited • Clergy encouraged to marry • Processions banned • DOCTRINE BECAME PROTESTANT • Justification by Faith • Denied transubstantiation • Supremacy of Scripture; reduced to two sacraments

  20. EDWARDbecame king at age 10 • He didn’t do much, and then… • he died at age 16 • His advisors made most of his decisions for him • He was too young and too sickly to do much, including get married, so • He had no kids • So, power passed to Henry’s next son… OH NO! – THERE ARE NO MORE SONS! – what to do?!

  21. TUDOR ENGLISH FAMILY TREE Henry VII Elizabeth of York Margaret Mary Jane Seymour Henry Catherine of Aragon Arthur ANNE BOLYN DIVORCED BEHEADED Edward Mary Elizabeth “Bloody” Mary “Bess”

  22. Issue of Henry VIII • Edward VI • Raised as a true Protestant • Reformed the Church of England • Died young • Jane Grey • Jane of Nine Days • Mary I • Bloody Mary • Elizabeth I • Queen Bess • The Virgin Queen

  23. Mary I • 1553-1558 • Eliminated Jane (Cousin) • Repealed Act of Supremacy • Restored the Church • Reversed Edward’s changes • Married Philip II of Spain 1554 (prince) • Banned Protestants • Killed 287 Protestants • “Bloody Mary” Show first 2m

  24. Marybecame queen when she was older • She was raised a Catholic • When she became queen, she brought the Catholic Church back • She married Philip of Spain • She killed anyone who protested • Protestants would later called her “BLOODY MARY” • because she killed so many protestants • She died after five years – no kids

  25. Elizabeth I • 1558-1603 (45 years) • Mom was Anne Boleyn • Elizabethan Settlement • Act of Supremacy – 1559 • Act of Uniformity – 1559 • Return to Edward’s church • Refused to marry Philip II • Supported Dutch rebellion against Spanish control (7,000 English troops to Netherlands)

  26. Elizabeth I • “Politique”: put political leadership in front of religious beliefs • Tolerant of Puritans (purify the church) • Repelled Spanish Armada(1588) • Executed Mary, Queen of Scots

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